This is the first of two papers whose main purpose is to prove a generalization of the Seifert-Van Kampen theorem on the fundamental group of a union of spaces. This generalisation (Theorem C of [8]) will give information in all dimensions and will include as special cases not only the above theorem (without the usual assumptions of path-connectedness) but also

Crossed complexes have longstanding uses, explicit and implicit, in homotopy theory and the cohomology of groups. It is here shown that the category of crossed complexes over groupoids has a symmetric monoidal closed structure in which the internal Hom functor is built from morphisms of crossed complexes, nonabelian chain homotopies between them and similar higher homotopies. The tensor product involves non-abelian constructions related to the commutator calculus and the homotopy addition lemma. This monoidal closed structure is derived from that on the equivalent category of ω-groupoids where the underlying cubical structure gives geometrically natural definitions of tensor products and homotopies.

We set out to study the consequences of the assumption of types of wellfounded trees in dependent type theories. We do so by investigating the categorical notion of wellfounded tree introduced in [16]. Our main result shows that wellfounded trees allow us to define initial algebras for a wide class of endofunctors on locally cartesian closed categories.

We investigate the development of theories of types and computability via realizability.

We examine a variety of liberal logical frameworks of partial algebras. Therefore we use simple, conjunctive and weak embeddings of institutions which preserve model categories and may map sentences to sentences, finite sets of sentences, or theory extensions using unique existential quantifiers, respectively. They faithfully represent theories, model categories, theory morphisms, colimit of theories, reducts etc. Moreover, along simple and conjunctive embeddings, theorem provers can be re-used in a way that soundness and completeness is preserved. Our main result states the equivalence of all the logical frameworks with respect to weak embeddability. This gives us compilers between all frameworks. Thus it is a chance to unify the different branches of specification using liberal partial logics. This is important for reaching the goal of formal interoperability of different specification languages for software development. With formal interoperability, a specification can contain part...

Using the theory of pasting presentations, developed in chapter 2, I give a detailed description of the tensor product on !-categories, which extends Gray's tensor product on 2-categories and which is closely related to Brown-Higgins's tensor product on !-groupoids. Immediate consequences are a general and uniform definition of higher dimensional lax natural transformations, and a nice and transparent description of the corresponding internal homs. Further consequences will be in the development of a theory for weak n-categories, since both tensor products and lax structures are crucial in this. Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Cubes and cubical sets 5 2.1 Cubes combinatorially : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 5 2.2 A model category for cubes : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6 2.3 Generating the model category for cubes : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 7 2.4 Cubical sets : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 9 2.5 Duality : : : : : : : : : : : : : ...

Abstract. An intrinsic, combinatorial homotopy theory has been developed in [G3] for simplicial complexes; these form the cartesian closed subcategory of simple presheaves in!Smp, the topos of symmetric simplicial sets, or presheaves on the category!å of finite, positive cardinals. We show here how this homotopy theory can be extended to the topos itself,!Smp. As a crucial advantage, the fundamental groupoid Π1:!Smp = Gpd is left adjoint to a natural functor M1: Gpd =!Smp, the symmetric nerve of a groupoid, and preserves all colimits – a strong van Kampen property. Similar results hold in all higher dimensions. Analogously, a notion of (non-reversible) directed homotopy can be developed in the ordinary simplicial topos Smp, with applications to image analysis as in [G3]. We have now a homotopy n-category functor ↑Πn: Smp = n-Cat, left adjoint to a nerve Nn = n-Cat(↑Πn(∆[n]), –). This construction can be applied to various presheaf categories; the basic requirements seem to be: finite products of representables are finitely presentable and there is a representable 'standard interval'.

. The approach we suggest is based on a graphical specification language possessing formal semantics so that graphical images themselves are precise specifications suitable for implementation. Our specifications are similar to the sketches developed in the category theory but, in contrast to them, enjoy the possibility of setting arbitrary signatures of diagram properties and operations. An important (and sometimes crucial) step in the process of database design is schema (or view) integration, that is, an activity aimed at producing a global conceptual schema of a database from a set of locally developed user-oriented schemas (views). In our approach, correspondence between semantic schemas to be integrated is specified by equations so that the integration procedure can be reduced to algebraic manipulations with sketches representing schemas. This provides the possibility of automated view integration and, correspondingly, automated database design. In the paper the mathemat...

For the specification of abstract data types, quite a number of logical systems have been developed. In this work, we will try to give an overview over this variety. As a prerequisite, we first study notions of {\em representation} and embedding between logical systems, which are formalized as {\em institutions} here. Different kinds of representations will lead to a looser or tighter connection of the institutions, with more or less good possibilities of faithfully embedding the semantics and of re-using proof support. In the second part, we then perform a detailed ``empirical'' study of the relations among various well-known institutions of total, order-sorted and partial algebras and first-order structures (all with Horn style, i.e.\ universally quantified conditional, axioms). We thus obtain a {\em graph} of institutions, with different kinds of edges according to the different kinds of representations between institutions studied in the first part. We also prove some separation results, leading to a {\em hierarchy} of institutions, which in turn naturally leads to five subgraphs of the above graph of institutions. They correspond to five different levels of expressiveness in the hierarchy, which can be characterized by different kinds of conditional generation principles. We introduce a systematic notation for institutions of total, order-sorted and partial algebras and first-order structures. The notation closely follows the combination of features that are present in the respective institution. This raises the question whether these combinations of features can be made mathematically precise in some way. In the third part, we therefore study the combination of institutions with the help of so-called parchments (which are certain algebraic presentations of institutions) and parchment morphisms. The present book is a revised version of the author's thesis, where a number of mathematical problems (pointed out by Andrzej Tarlecki) and a number of misuses of the English language (pointed out by Bernd Krieg-Br\"uckner) have been corrected. Also, the syntax of specifications has been adopted to that of the recently developed Common Algebraic Specification Language {\sc Casl} \cite{CASL/Summary,Mosses97TAPSOFT}.

Finitary sketches, i.e., sketches with finite-limit and finite-colimit specifications, are proved to be as strong as geometric sketches, i.e., sketches with finite-limit and arbitrary colimit specifications. Categories sketchable by such sketches are fully characterized in the infinitary first-order logic: they are axiomatizable by oe-coherent theories, i.e., basic theories using finite conjunctions, countable disjunctions, and finite quantifications. The latter result is absolute; the equivalence of geometric and finitary sketches requires (in fact, is equivalent to) the non-existence of measurable cardinals. 1.