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Working memory capacity and visual-verbal cognitive load modulate auditory-sensory gating in the brainstem: Towards a unified view of attention.
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
, 2012
"... Abstract ■ Two fundamental research questions have driven attention research in the past: One concerns whether selection of relevant information among competing, irrelevant, information takes place at an early or at a late processing stage; the other concerns whether the capacity of attention is li ..."
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Abstract ■ Two fundamental research questions have driven attention research in the past: One concerns whether selection of relevant information among competing, irrelevant, information takes place at an early or at a late processing stage; the other concerns whether the capacity of attention is limited by a central, domain-general pool of resources or by independent, modality-specific pools. In this article, we contribute to these debates by showing that the auditoryevoked brainstem response (an early stage of auditory processing) to task-irrelevant sound decreases as a function of central working memory load (manipulated with a visual-verbal version of the n-back task). Furthermore, individual differences in central/ domain-general working memory capacity modulated the magnitude of the auditory-evoked brainstem response, but only in the high working memory load condition. The results support a unified view of attention whereby the capacity of a late/central mechanism (working memory) modulates early precortical sensory processing. ■
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, 2012
"... doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00065 An electrophysiological signal that precisely tracks the emergence of error awareness ..."
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doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00065 An electrophysiological signal that precisely tracks the emergence of error awareness
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"... Modulation de l’apprentissage visuel par stimulation électrique transcrânienne à courant direct du cortex préfrontal ..."
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Modulation de l’apprentissage visuel par stimulation électrique transcrânienne à courant direct du cortex préfrontal
Child Neuropsychology: A Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence Applying cognitive training to target executive functions during early development
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Author's personal copy Review Training attentional control and working memory -Is younger, better? Author's personal copy
"... a b s t r a c t Authors have argued that various forms of interventions may be more effective in younger children. Is cognitive training also more effective, the earlier the training is applied? We review evidence suggesting that functional neural networks, including those subserving attentional co ..."
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a b s t r a c t Authors have argued that various forms of interventions may be more effective in younger children. Is cognitive training also more effective, the earlier the training is applied? We review evidence suggesting that functional neural networks, including those subserving attentional control, may be more unspecialised and undifferentiated earlier in development. We also discuss evidence suggesting that certain skills such as attentional control may be important as 'hub' cognitive domains, gating the subsequent acquisition of skills in other areas. Both of these factors suggest that attentional training administered to younger individuals ought to be relatively more effective in improving cognitive functioning across domains. We evaluate studies that have administered forms of cognitive training targeting various subcomponents of attention and the closely related domain of working memory, and we contrast their reported transfer to distal cognitive domains as a function of the age of the participants. Although negative findings continue to be common in this literature we find that cognitive training applied to younger individuals tends to lead to significantly more widespread transfer of training effects. We conclude that future work in this area should concentrate on understanding early intensive training, and discuss a number of practical steps that might help to achieve this aim.
Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 Sports training enhances visuo-spatial cognition regardless of open-closed typology
"... ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of open and closed sport participation on visuo-spatial attention and memory performance among young adults. Forty-eight young adults-16 open-skill athletes, 16 closed-skill athletes, and 16 non-athletes controls-were recruited for the s ..."
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ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of open and closed sport participation on visuo-spatial attention and memory performance among young adults. Forty-eight young adults-16 open-skill athletes, 16 closed-skill athletes, and 16 non-athletes controls-were recruited for the study. Both behavioral performance and eventrelated potential (ERP) measurement were assessed when participants performed nondelayed and delayed match-to-sample task that tested visuo-spatial attention and memory processing. Results demonstrated that regardless of training typology, the athlete groups exhibited shorter reaction times in both the visuo-spatial attention and memory conditions than the control group with no existence of speed-accuracy trade-off. Similarly, a larger P3 amplitudes were observed in both athlete groups than in the control group for the visuo-spatial memory condition. These findings suggest that sports training, regardless of typology, are associated with superior visuo-spatial attention and memory performance, and more efficient neural resource allocation in memory processing. Subjects Kinesiology, Psychiatry and Psychology
Retraction of “A Common Discrete Resource for Visual Working Memory
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Not all attention orienting is created equal: Recognition memory is enhanced when attention orienting involves distractor suppression
"... a b s t r a c t Learning through visual exploration often requires orienting of attention to meaningful information in a cluttered world. Previous work has shown that attention modulates visual cortex activity, with enhanced activity for attended targets and suppressed activity for competing inputs ..."
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a b s t r a c t Learning through visual exploration often requires orienting of attention to meaningful information in a cluttered world. Previous work has shown that attention modulates visual cortex activity, with enhanced activity for attended targets and suppressed activity for competing inputs, thus enhancing the visual experience. Here we examined the idea that learning may be engaged differentially with variations in attention orienting mechanisms that drive eye movements during visual search and exploration. We hypothesized that attention orienting mechanisms that engaged suppression of a previously attended location would boost memory encoding of the currently attended target objects to a greater extent than those that involve target enhancement alone. To test this hypothesis we capitalized on the classic spatial cueing task and the inhibition of return (IOR) mechanism
DISTRACTOR SUPPRESSION & MEMORY 1 Not All Attention Orienting is Created Equal: Recognition Memory is Enhanced When Attention Orienting Involves Distractor Suppression
"... Abstract Learning through visual exploration requires orienting of attention to meaningful information in a cluttered world. Previous work has shown that attention modulates visual cortex activity, with enhanced activity for attended targets and suppressed activity for competing inputs, thus enhanc ..."
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Abstract Learning through visual exploration requires orienting of attention to meaningful information in a cluttered world. Previous work has shown that attention modulates visual cortex activity, with enhanced activity for attended targets and suppressed activity for competing inputs, thus enhancing the visual experience. We hypothesized that attention orienting mechanisms that engage concurrent suppression of competing locations will lead to more effective memory encoding and subsequent recognition memory as a result of a reduction in noise interfering with the visual representation for the attended objects. This examination thus sheds light on how learning may be engaged differentially with variations in attention orienting mechanisms underlying eye movement executing during visual search and exploration. To test this hypothesis we capitalized on the classic spatial cueing task and the inhibition of return Furthermore, fMRI analyses revealed that this memory benefit was driven by attention modulation of visual cortex activity, as increased suppression of the previously attended location in visual cortex during target object encoding predicted better subsequent recognition memory accuracy. These results suggest that not all attention orienting impacts learning and memory equally. Rather, orienting mechanisms that engage suppression, indexed here as suppression of the previously attended location (IOR), boost memory encoding to a greater extent than those that involve target enhancement alone.
