The Edinburgh Logical Framework (LF) provides a means to define (or present) logics. It is based on a general treatment of syntax, rules, and proofs by means of a typed -calculus with dependent types. Syntax is treated in a style similar to, but more general than, Martin-Lof's system of arities. The treatment of rules and proofs focuses on his notion of a judgement. Logics are represented in LF via a new principle, the judgements as types principle, whereby each judgement is identified with the type of its proofs. This allows for a smooth treatment of discharge and variable occurrence conditions and leads to a uniform treatment of rules and proofs whereby rules are viewed as proofs of higher-order judgements and proof checking is reduced to type checking. The practical benefit of our treatment of formal systems is that logic-independent tools such as proof editors and proof checkers can be constructed.

this paper we present a non-standard logic for our structures. It is a type-free intensional logic, and is also in the tradition of Curry's illative logic [HS86]; see also [AczN, FM87, Smi84, MA88]. The logic has two judgments: that an object is a fact and that an object is a state-of-a#airs (cf. truth and proposition). Objects are given using a variant of the traditional situation theory notation which is more standard, logically speaking, with explicit negation and quantification (see also [Bar87]). No metalinguistic apparatus is employed

In this paper we give a new presentation of ELF which is well-suited for semantic analysis. We introduce the notions of internal codability, internal definability, internal typed calculi and frame languages. These notions are central to our perspective of logical frameworks. We will argue that a logical framework is a typed calculus which formalizes the relationship between internal typed languages and frame languages. In the second half of the paper, we demonstrate the advantage of our logical framework by showing some categorical properties of it and of encodings in it. By doing so we hope to indicate a sensible model theory of encodings. Copyright c fl1993. All rights reserved. Reproduction of all or part of this work is permitted for educational or research purposes on condition that (1) this copyright notice is included, (2) proper attribution to the author or authors is made and (3) no commercial gain is involved. Technical Reports issued by the Department of Computer Sc...

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