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Time Management in the Quest-V RTOS ∗
"... Quest-V is a new system currently under development for multicore processors. It comprises a collection of separate kernels operating together as a distributed system on a chip. Each kernel is isolated from others using virtualization techniques, so that faults do not propagate throughout the entire ..."
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Quest-V is a new system currently under development for multicore processors. It comprises a collection of separate kernels operating together as a distributed system on a chip. Each kernel is isolated from others using virtualization techniques, so that faults do not propagate throughout the entire system. This multikernel design supports online fault recovery of compromised or misbehaving services without the need for full system reboots. While the system is designed for high-confidence computing environments that require dependability, Quest-V is also designed to be predictable. It treats time as a first-class resource, requiring that all operations are properly accounted and handled in real-time. This paper focuses on the design aspects of Quest-V that relate to how time is managed. Special attention is given to how Quest-V manages time in four key areas: (1) scheduling and migration of threads and virtual CPUs, (2) I/O management, (3) communication, and (4) fault recovery. 1
Efficient and Lightweigth Inter-process Collective Operations for Massive Multi-core Architectures
, 2014
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ABSTRACT ZIMMER, CHRISTOPHER J. Bringing Efficiency and Predictability to Massive Multi-core
"... Massive multi-core network-on-chip (NoC) processors represent the next stage in both embedded and general purpose computing. These novel architecture designs with abundant processing resources and increased scalability address the frequency limits of modern processors, power/leakage constraints, and ..."
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Massive multi-core network-on-chip (NoC) processors represent the next stage in both embedded and general purpose computing. These novel architecture designs with abundant processing resources and increased scalability address the frequency limits of modern processors, power/leakage constraints, and the scalability limits of system bus interconnects. NoC architectures are particularly interesting in both the real-time embedded and high-performance computing domains. Abundant processing resources have the potential to simplify scheduling and represent a shift away from single core utilization concerns e.g., within the model of the “dark silicon ” abstraction that promotes a 1-to-1 task-to-core mapping with frequent core activations/deactivations. Additionally, due to silicon constraints, massive multi-core processors often contain simplified processor pipelines that provide an increase in predictability analysis beneficial for real-time systems. Also, simplified processor pipelines coupled with high-performance interconnects often result in low power utilization that is beneficial in high-performance systems. While suitable in many ways, these architectures are not without their own challenges. Reliance on shared memory and the strain that massive multi-core processors can put on memory controllers represent a significant challenge to predictability and performance. Resilience is
Mixed-Criticality Run-Time Task Mapping for NoC-Based Many-Core Systems
"... Abstract—Contiguous processor allocation improves both the network and the application performance, by decreasing the congestion probability among communication of different applications. Consequently, the average, standard deviation and worst-case latency of the network is decreased signifi-cantly. ..."
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Abstract—Contiguous processor allocation improves both the network and the application performance, by decreasing the congestion probability among communication of different applications. Consequently, the average, standard deviation and worst-case latency of the network is decreased signifi-cantly. This makes the contiguous allocation a good solution for time-critical applications with bounded deadlines. On the other hand, non-contiguous allocation will increase the system throughput significantly. Isolated nodes are utilized and more applications can finish their job in a time unit. However, this will lead to poor network metrics, unsuitable for real-time applications. In this work, we combine these two approaches in order to manage workloads with mixed-critical characteristics. Real-time applications are mapped contiguously, while non-critical applications are allowed to get dispersed over the available system nodes. Results show over 50 % improvement in worst-case latency and 100 times improvement in deadline misses. Keywords—Processor allocation; Application Mapping; Dy-namic Many-Core Systems; Contiguous Task Mapping;
On Hard Real-Time Scheduling of Cyclo-Static Dataflow and its Application in System-Level Design
, 2014
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