Let k be a eld and let G be a nite group. There is a canonical element in the Hochschild cohomology of the Tate cohomology G 2 HH 3; 1 ^ H (G; k) with the following property. Given a graded ^ H (G; k)-module X, the image of G in Ext 3; 1 ^ H (G;k) (X; X) vanishes if and only if X is isomorphic to a direct summand of ^ H (G; M) for some kG-module M . The description of the realizability obstruction works in any triangulated category with direct sums. We show that in the case of the derived category of a dierential graded algebra A, there is also a canonical element of Hochschild cohomology HH 3; 1 H (A) which is a predecessor for these obstructions.

We give a brief introduction to A1-algebras and show three contexts in which they appear in representation theory: the study of Yoneda algebras and Koszulity, the description of categories of ltered modules and the description of triangulated categories. Contents 1. Denitions, the bar construction, the minimality theorem 1 2. Yoneda algebras, Koszulity and ltered modules 5 3. Description of triangulated categories 8 References 10 1. Definitions, the bar construction, the minimality theorem 1.1. A-innity algebras and morphisms. We refer to [11] for a list of references and a topological motivation for the following denition: Let k be a eld. An A1 - algebra over k is a Z-graded vector space A = M p2Z A p endowed with graded maps (=homogeneous k-linear maps) mn : A

In [3] "mall" 1-homological model H of a commutative differential graded algebra is described. Homological Perturbation Theory (HPT) [7-9] provides an explicit description of an A1-coalgebra structure ( 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; : : :) of H. In this paper, we are mainly interested in the determination of the map 2 : H ! H H as a first step in the study of this structure. Developing the techniques given in [20] (inversion theory), we get an important improvement in the computation of 2 with regard to the first formula given by HPT. In the case of purely quadratic algebras, we sketch a procedure for giving the complete Hopf algebra structure of its 1-homology.