To my parents A general abstract theory for computation involving shared resources is presented. We develop the models of sharing graphs, also known as term graphs, in terms of both syntax and semantics. According to the complexity of the permitted form of sharing, we consider four situations of sharing graphs. The simplest is first-order acyclic sharing graphs represented by let-syntax, and others are extensions with higher-order constructs (lambda calculi) and/or cyclic sharing (recursive letrec binding). For each of four settings, we provide the equational theory for representing the sharing graphs, and identify the class of categorical models which are shown to be sound and complete for the theory. The emphasis is put on the algebraic nature of sharing graphs, which leads us to the semantic account of them. We describe the models in terms of the notions of symmetric monoidal categories and functors, additionally with symmetric monoidal adjunctions and traced

The Concurrent Logical Framework, or CLF, is a new logical framework in which concurrent computations can be represented as monadic objects, for which there is an intrinsic notion of concurrency. It is designed as a conservative extension of the linear logical framework LLF with the synchronous connectives# of intuitionistic linear logic, encapsulated in a monad. LLF is itself a conservative extension of LF with the asynchronous connectives -#, & and #.

ion and Store Shapes . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 Two Variations on Algol 8 2.1 Idealized Algol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Name: P.W. O'Hearn Address: Department of Computer Science, Queen Mary and Westfield College, London E1 4NS, UK. e-mail: ohearn@dcs.qmw.ac.uk Name: J.C. Reynolds Address: School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA 15213-3891, USA. e-mail: john.reynolds@cs.cmu.edu Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or direct commercial advantage and that copies show this notice on the first page or initial screen of a display along with the full citation. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, to redistribute to lists, or to use any component of th...

We reexamine the foundations of linear logic, developing a system of natural deduction following Martin-L of's separation of judgments from propositions. Our construction yields a clean and elegant formulation that accounts for a rich set of multiplicative, additive, and exponential connectives, extending dual intuitionistic linear logic but differing from both classical linear logic and Hyland and de Paiva's full intuitionistic linear logic. We also provide a corresponding sequent calculus that admits a simple proof of the admissibility of cut by a single structural induction. Finally, we show how to interpret classical linear logic (with or without the MIX rule) in our system, employing a form of double-negation translation.

CLF is a new logical framework with an intrinsic notion of concurrency. It is designed as a conservative extension of the linear logical framework LLF with the synchronous connectives # of intuitionistic linear logic, encapsulated in a monad. LLF is itself a conservative extension of LF with the asynchronous connectives #.

Models of intuitionistic linear logic also provide models of Moggi's computational metalanguage. We use the adjoint presentation of these models and the associated adjoint calculus to show that three translations, due mainly to Moggi, of the lambda calculus into the computational metalanguage (direct, call-by-name and call-by-value) correspond exactly to three translations, due mainly to Girard, of intuitionistic logic into intuitionistic linear logic. We also consider extending these results to languages with recursion. 1. Introduction Two of the most significant developments in semantics during the last decade are Girard's linear logic [10] and Moggi's computational metalanguage [14]. Any student of these formalisms will suspect that there are significant connections between the two, despite their apparent differences. The intuitionistic fragment of linear logic (ILL) may be modelled in a linear model -- a symmetric monoidal closed category with a comonad ! which satisfies some extr...

1.1 Quantification and the subformula property.................. 3 1.2 Ground forward sequent calculus......................... 5 1.3 Lifting to free variables............................... 10

We present the logic of bunched implications, BI, in which a multiplicative (or linear) and an additive (or intuitionistic) implication live side-by-side. The propositional version of BI arises from an analysis of the proof-theoretic relationship between conjunction and implication, and may be viewed as a merging of intuitionistic logic and multiplicative, intuitionistic linear logic. The predicate version of BI includes, in addition to usual additive quantifiers, multiplicative (or intensional) quantifiers 8new and 9new , which arise from observing restrictions on structural rules on the level of terms as well as propositions. Moreover, these restrictions naturally allow the distinction between additive predication and multiplicative predication for each propositional connective. We provide a natural deduction system, a sequent calculus, a Kripke semantics and a BHK semantics for BI. We mention computational interpretations, based on locality and sharing, at both the propositiona...

We present the propositional fragment CLF0 of the Concurrent Logical Framework (CLF). CLF extends the Linear Logical Framework to allow the natural representation of concurrent computations in an object language. The underlying type theory uses monadic types to segregate values from computations. This separation leads to a tractable notion of definitional equality that identifies computations di#ering only in the order of execution of independent steps. From a logical point of view our type theory can be seen as a novel combination of lax logic and dual intuitionistic linear logic. An encoding of a small Petri net exemplifies the representation methodology, which can be summarized as "concurrent computations as monadic expressions ".

We present the spine calculus S #-#&# as an efficient representation for the linear #-calculus # #-#&# which includes unrestricted functions (#), linear functions (-#), additive pairing (&), and additive unit (#). S #-#&# enhances the representation of Church's simply typed #-calculus by enforcing extensionality and by incorporating linear constructs. This approach permits procedures such as unification to retain the efficient head access that characterizes first-order term languages without the overhead of performing #-conversions at run time. Applications lie in proof search, logic programming, and logical frameworks based on linear type theories. It is also related to foundational work on term assignment calculi for presentations of the sequent calculus. We define the spine calculus, give translations of # #-#&# into S #-#&# and vice-versa, prove their soundness and completeness with respect to typing and reductions, and show that the typable fragment of the spine calculus is strongly normalizing and admits unique canonical, i.e. ##-normal, forms.