This paper describes new methods for maintaining a point-location data structure for a dynamically-changing monotone subdivision S. The main approach is based on the maintenance of two interlaced spanning trees, one for S and one for the graphtheoretic planar dual of S. Queries are answered by using a centroid decomposition of the dual tree to drive searches in the primal tree. These trees are maintained via the link-cut trees structure of Sleator and Tarjan, leading to a scheme that achieves vertex insertion/deletion in O(log n) time, insertion/deletion of k-edge monotone chains in O(log n + k) time, and answers queries in O(log 2 n) time, with O(n) space, where n is the current size of subdivision S. The techniques described also allow for the dual operations expand and contract to be implemented in O(log n) time, leading to an improved method for spatial point-location in a 3-dimensional convex subdivision. In addition, the interlaced-tree approach is applied to on-line point-lo...

Given a collection S of n line segments in the plane, the planar point location problem is to construct a data structure that can efficiently determine for a given query point p the first segment(s) in S intersected by vertical rays emanating out from p. It is well known that linear-space data structures can be constructed so as to achieve O(log n) query times. But applications, such as those common in geographic information systems, motivate a re-examination of this problem with the goal of improving query times further while also simplifying the methods needed to achieve such query times. In this paper we perform such a re-examination, focusing on the issues that arise in three different classes of pointlocation query sequences: ffl sequences that are reasonably uniform spatially and temporally (in which case the constant factors in the query times become critical), ffl sequences that are non-uniform spatially or temporally (in which case one desires data structures that adapt to s...

We develop a new finger search tree with worst case constant update time in the Pointer Machine (PM) model of computation. This was a major problem in the field of Data Structures and was tantalizingly open for over twenty years, while many attempts by researchers were made to solve it. The result comes as a consequence of the innovative mechanism that guides the rebalancing operations, combined with incremental multiple splitting and fusion techniques over nodes.

We study the problem of mapping the N nodes of a data structure on M memory modules so that they can be accessed in parallel by templates i.e. distinct sets of nodes. In literature several algorithms are available for arrays (accessed by rows, columns, diagonals and subarrays) and trees (accessed by subtrees, root-to-leaf paths, levels, etc.). Although some mapping algorithms for arrays allow conflict-free access to several templates at once (for example rows and columns), no mapping algorithm is known for efficiently accessing subtree, path and level templates in complete binary trees. In our paper, we, first, prove that any mapping algorithm that is conflict-free for tree/level template has \Omega\Gamma M= log M ) conflicts when access is done according to path template and vice versa. Therefore, no mapping algorithm can be found that is conflict-free on both path and tree (or path and level) templates. Our main result is an algorithm for mapping complete binary trees wi...

Abstract. We present an O(n log n)-time algorithm to solve the threedimensional layers-of-maxima problem, an improvement over the prior O(n log n log log n)-time solution. A previous claimed O(n log n)-time solution due to Atallah, Goodrich, and Ramaiyer [SCG’94] has technical flaws. Our algorithm is based on a common framework underlying previous work, but to implement it we devise a new data structure to solve a special case of dynamic planar point location in a staircase subdivision. Our data structure itself relies on a new extension to dynamic fractional cascading that allows vertices of high degree in the control graph. 1

We study the problem of mapping the N nodes of a complete t-ary tree on M memory modules so that they can be accessed in parallel by templates, i.e. distinct sets of nodes. Typical templates for accessing trees are subtrees, root-to-leaf paths, or levels which will be referred to as elementary templates. In this paper, we first propose a new mapping algorithm for accessing both paths and subtrees of size M with an optimal number of conflicts (i.e., only one conflict) when the number of memory modules is limited to M . We also propose another mapping algorithm for a composite template, say V (as versatile), such that its size is not fixed and an instance of V is composed of any combination of c instances of elementary templates. The number of conflicts for accessing an S-node instance of template V is O ` S p M log M + c ' and the memory load is 1 + o(1) where load is defined as the ratio between the maximum and minimum number of data items mapped onto each memory module. 1. In...

In this paper, we present a survey of results about the problem of mapping the N items of a data structure on M memory modules so that items can be accessed in parallel by templates i.e. distinct sets of nodes. In particular, we present some results that allow to access several different templates at once, i.e. we focus on versatile mapping algorithms (for a comprehensive survey of other related results see [14] in this volume). In particular, we present some of the algorithms in literature for accessing arrays (by rows, columns, diagonals and subarrays) and trees (accessed by subtrees, root-to-leaf paths, levels and compositions thereof). 1 Introduction In this paper we present a survey of results related to the problem of mapping a data structure to M memory modules when it is known how the access is required i.e. templates of memory access are known. The problem is to minimize the conflicts on the memory modules, i.e. simultaneous access to the same module to retrieve different dat...