. This paper gives a cohesive approach to modeling and implementation with graphs. This approach uses extended entity relationship #EER# diagrams supplemented with the Z-like constraint language GRAL. Due to the foundation of EER#GRAL on Z a common formal basis exists. EER#GRAL descriptions give conceptual models which can be implemented in a seamless manner by e#cient data structures using the GraLab graph library. Descriptions of four medium size EER#GRAL-applications conclude the paper to demonstrate the usefulness of the approach in practice. 1 Introduction Using graphs as a means for discussing problems, as a medium for formal reasoning, or as a paradigm for data structures in software is folklore in today's computer science literature. But most of the di#erent approaches that use graphs are not used in a coherentway. There are di#erent models in use based on undirected or directed graphs, with or without multiple edges or loops. Sometimes graph elements are typed or at...

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This dissertation extends the standard query language SQL to support real-time databases to create RTSQL (Real-Time SQL). RTSQL includes extensions that specify: temporal consistency constraints on data, timing constraints on execution, bounds on use of system resources for predictability, and flexible transaction structure that relaxes traditional ACID transaction properties to better support real-time requirements.

This dissertation extends the standard query language SQL to support real-time databases to create RTSQL (Real-Time SQL). RTSQL includes extensions that specify: temporal consistency constraints on data, timing constraints on execution, bounds on use of system resources for predictability, and flexible transaction structure that relaxes traditional ACID transaction properties to better support real-time requirements. To aid in