Abstract. Several variations are given on the construction of orthonormal bases of wavelets with compact support. They have, respectively, more symmetry, more regularity, or more vanishing moments for the scaling function than the examples constructed in Daubechies [Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 41 (1988), pp. 909-996]. Key words, wavelets, orthonormal bases, regularity, symmetry AMS(MOS) subject classifications. 26A16, 26A18, 26A27, 39B12

Oriented filters are useful in many early vision and image processing tasks. One often needs to apply the same filter, rotated to different angles under adaptive control, or wishes to calculate the filter response at various orientations. We present an efficient architecture to synthesize filters of arbitrary orientations from linear combinations of basis filters, allowing one to adaptively "steer" a filter to any orientation, and to determine analytically the filter output as a function of orientation.

Orthogonal wavelet transforms have recently become a popular representation for multiscale signal and image analysis. One of the major drawbacks of these representations is their lack of translation invariance: the content of wavelet subbands is unstable under translations of the input signal. Wavelet transforms are also unstable with respect to dilations of the input signal, and in two dimensions, rotations of the input signal. We formalize these problems by defining a type of translation invariance that we call "shiftability". In the spatial domain, shiftability corresponds to a lack of aliasing; thus, the conditions under which the property holds are specified by the sampling theorem. Shiftability may also be considered in the context of other domains, particularly orientation and scale. We explore "jointly shiftable" transforms that are simultaneously shiftable in more than one domain. Two examples of jointly shiftable transforms are designed and implemented: a one-dimensional tran...

ABSTRACT. This paper is essentially tutorial in nature. We show how any discrete wavelet transform or two band subband filtering with finite filters can be decomposed into a finite sequence of simple filter-ing steps, which we call lifting steps but that are also known as ladder structures. This decomposition corresponds to a factorization of the polyphase matrix of the wavelet or subband filters into elementary matrices. That such a factorization is possible is well-known to algebraists (and expressed by the formula); it is also used in linear systems theory in the electrical engineering community. We present here a self-contained derivation, building the decomposition from basic principles such as the Euclidean algorithm, with a focus on applying it to wavelet filtering. This factorization provides an alternative for the lattice factorization, with the advantage that it can also be used in the biorthogonal, i.e, non-unitary case. Like the lattice factorization, the decomposition presented here asymptotically re-duces the computational complexity of the transform by a factor two. It has other applications, such as the possibility of defining a wavelet-like transform that maps integers to integers. 1.

Most of a signal information is often found in irregular structures and transient phenomena. We review the mathematical characterization of singularities with Lipschitz exponents. The main theorems that estimate local Lipschitz exponents of functions, from the evolution across scales of their wavelet transform are explained. We then prove that the local maxima of a wavelet transform detect the location of irregular structures and provide numerical procedures to compute their Lipschitz exponents. The wavelet transform of singularities with fast oscillations have a different behavior that we study separately. We show that the size of the oscillations can be measured from the wavelet transform local maxima. It has been shown that one and two-dimensional signals can be reconstructed from the local maxima of their wavelet transform [14]. As an application, we develop an algorithm that removes white noises by discriminating the noise and the signal singularities through an analysis of their ...

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Abstract—A method is presented to segment multidimensional images using a multiscale (hyperstack) approach with probabilistic linking. A hyperstack is a voxel-based multiscale data structure whose levels are constructed by convolving the original image with a Gaussian kernel of increasing width. Between voxels at adjacent scale levels, child-parent linkages are established according to a model-directed linkage scheme. In the resulting tree-like data structure, roots are formed to indicate the most plausible locations in scale space where segments in the original image are represented by a single voxel. The final segmentation is obtained by tracing back the linkages for all roots. The present paper deals with probabilistic (or multiparent) linking, i.e., a set-up in which a child voxel can be linked to more than one parent voxel. The multiparent linkage structure is translated into a list of probabilities that are indicative of which voxels are partial volume voxels and to which extent. Probability maps are generated to visualize the progress of weak linkages in scale space when going from fine to coarser scale. This is shown to be a valuable tool for the detection of voxels that are difficult to segment properly. The output of a probabilistic hyperstack can be directly related to the opacities used in volume renderers. Results are shown both for artificial and real world (medical) images. It is demonstrated that probabilistic linking gives a significantly improved segmentation as compared with conventional (single-parent) linking. The improvement is quantitatively supported by an objective evaluation method. Index Terms—Image segmentation, multiscale analysis, scale space, probability maps, partial volume artifact, object definition. 1

. We build compactly supported biorthogonal wavelets and perfect reconstruction filter banks for any lattice in any dimension with any number of primal and dual vanishing moments. The resulting scaling functions are interpolating. Our construction relies on the lifting scheme and inherits all of its advantages: fast transform, in-place calculation, and integerto -integer transforms. We show that two lifting steps suffice: predict and update. The predict step can be built using multivariate polynomial interpolation, while update is a multiple of the adjoint of predict. Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Over the last decade several constructions of compactly supported wavelets have originated both from signal processing and mathematical analysis. In signal processing, critically sampled wavelet transforms are known as filter banks or subband transforms [32, 43, 54, 56]. In mathematical analysis, wavelets are defined as translates and dilates of one fixed function and ar...

A simple construction of an orthonormal basis starting with a so called mother wavelet, together with an efficient implementation gained the wavelet decomposition easy acceptance and generated a great research interest in its applications. An orthonormal basis may not, however, always be a suitable representation of a signal, particularly when time (or space) invariance is a required property. The conventional way around this problem is to use a redundant decomposition. In this paper, we address the time invariance problem for orthonormal wavelet transforms and propose an extension to wavelet packet decompositions. We show that it is possible to achieve time invariance and preserve the orthonormality. We subsequently propose an efficient approach to obtain such a decomposition. We demonstrate the importance of our method by considering some application examples in signal reconstruction and time delay estimation.

The analysis of oriented features in images requires two-dimensional directional wavelets. Among these, we study in detail the class of Cauchy wavelets, which are strictly supported in a (narrow) convex cone in spatial frequency space. They have excellent angular selectivity, as shown by a standard calibration test, and they have minimal uncertainty. In addition, we present a new application of directional wavelets, namely a technique for determining the symmetries of a given pattern with respect to rotations and dilation. © 1999 Academic Press 1.