Fibring is recognized as one of the main mechanisms in combining logics, with great signicance in the theory and applications of mathematical logic. However, an open challenge to bring is posed by the collapsing problem: even when no symbols are shared, certain combinations of logics simply collapse to one of them, indicating that bring imposes unwanted interconnections between the given logics. Modulated bring allows a ner control of the combination, solving the collapsing problem both at the semantic and deductive levels. Main properties like soundness and completeness are shown to be preserved, comparison with bring is discussed, and some important classes of examples are analyzed with respect to the collapsing problem. 1

The logical framework LF is a constructive type theory of dependent functions that can elegantly encode many other logical systems. Prior work has studied the benefits of extending it to the linear logical framework LLF, for the incorporation linear logic features into the type theory affords good representations of state change. We describe and argue for the usefulness of an extension of LF by features inspired by hybrid logic, which has several benefits. For one, it shows how linear logic features can be decomposed into primitive operations manipulating abstract resource labels. More importantly, it makes it possible to realize a metalogical framework capable of reasoning about stateful deductive systems encoded in the style familiar from prior work with LLF, taking advantage of familiar methodologies used for metatheoretic reasoning in LF.Acknowledgments From the very first computer science course I took at CMU, Frank Pfenning has been an exceptional teacher and mentor. For his patience, breadth of knowledge, and mathematical good taste I am extremely thankful. No less do I owe to the other two major contributors to my programming languages

Fibring is de ned as a mechanism for combining logics with a rstorder base, at both the semantic and deductive levels. A completeness theorem is established for a wide class of such logics, using a variation of the Henkin method that takes advantage of the presence of equality and inequality in the logic. As a corollary, completeness is shown to be preserved when bring logics in that class. A modal rst-order logic is obtained as a bring where neither the Barcan formula nor its converse hold.

Labelled sequent calculi are provided for a wide class of normal modal systems using truth values as labels. The rules for formula constructors are common to all modal systems. For each modal system, specific rules for truth values are provided that reflect the envisaged properties of the accessibility relation. Both local and global reasoning are supported. Strong completeness is proved for a natural two-sorted algebraic semantics. As a corollary, strong completeness is also obtained over general Kripke semantics. A duality result

Fibring is a meta-logical constructor that applied to two logics produces a new logic whose formulas allow the mixing of symbols. Homogeneous fibring assumes that the original logics are presented in the same way (e.g via Hilbert calculi). Heterogeneous fibring, allowing the original logics to have different presentations (e.g. one presented by a Hilbert calculus and the other by a sequent calculus), has been an open problem. Herein, consequence systems are shown to be a good solution for heterogeneous fibring when one of the logics is presented in a semantic way and the other by a calculus and also a solution for the heterogeneous fibring of calculi. The new notion of abstract proof system is shown to provide a better solution to heterogeneous fibring of calculi namely because derivations in the fibring keep the constructive nature of derivations in the original logics. Preservation of compactness and semi-decidability is investigated.

We introduce a general recipe for presenting non-classical logics in a modular and uniform way as labelled natural deduction systems. Our recipe is based on a labelling mechanism where labels are general entities that are present, in one way or another, in all logics, namely truth-values.

The method of fibring for combining logics as originally proposed by Gabbay [13, 14], includes some other methods as fusion [29] as a special case. Albeit fusion is the best developed mechanism, mainly in what concerns preservation of properties as

Fibring is recognized as one of the main mechanisms in combining logics, with great signi cance in the theory and applications of mathematical logic. However, an open challenge to bring is posed by the collapsing problem: even when no symbols are shared, certain combinations of logics simply collapse to one of them, indicating that bring imposes unwanted interconnections between the given logics. Modulated bring allows a ner control of the combination, solving the collapsing problem both at the semantic and deductive levels. Main properties like soundness and completeness are shown to be preserved, comparison with bring is discussed, and some important classes of examples are analyzed with respect to the collapsing problem.

Combining logics in an important topic in applied logics [7, 1] that raises interesting theoretical problems related to transference results. The objective is to produce a new logic from two (or more) given logics by using a meta operator – the combination mechanism. Of special interest is to investigate whether the mechanism preserves logical properties of the original logics. In general, sufficient conditions can be given for preservation. Fibring, proposed by Gabbay in [5], is one of the most challenging mechanisms for combining logics, which includes fusion of modal logics [10] as a particular case. Fibring can be and has been investigated from a deductive point of view (mainly using Hilbert calculi [11], labelled deductive systems [8] and tableau systems [2]) and also from a model-theoretic perspective (using either an algebraic approach or a modal-like semantics [6]). Several transference results have been obtained for these constructions, namely for soundness and completeness [11], several guises of interpolation and semi-decidability. Up to now, work on fibring sequent calculi has not been considered. A possibility