This paper presents a new probabilistic primality test. Upon termination the test outputs "composite" or "prime", along with a short proof of correctness, which can be verified in deterministic polynomial time. The test is different from the tests of Miller [M], Solovay-Strassen [SSI, and Rabin [R] in that its assertions of primality are certain, rather than being correct with high prob-ability or dependent on an unproven assumption. Thc test terminates in expected polynomial time on all but at most an exponentially vanishing fraction of the inputs of length k, for every k. This result implies: • There exist an infinite set of primes which can be recognized in expected polynomial time. • Large certified primes can be generated in expected polynomial time. Under a very plausible condition on the distribution of primes in "small" intervals, the proposed algorithm can be shown'to run in expected polynomial time on every input. This

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This paper gives in detail a practical general method for the explicit determination of all solutions of any Thue equation. It uses a combination of Baker’s theory of linear forms in logarithms and recent computational diophantine approximation techniques. An elaborated example is presented.

Dedicated to the memory of Gian-Carlo Rota who encouraged me to write this paper in the present style Abstract. In this paper we derive many infinite families of explicit exact formulas involving either squares or triangular numbers, two of which generalize Jacobi’s 4 and 8 squares identities to 4n 2 or 4n(n + 1) squares, respectively, without using cusp forms. In fact, we similarly generalize to infinite families all of Jacobi’s explicitly stated degree 2, 4, 6, 8 Lambert series expansions of classical theta functions. In addition, we extend Jacobi’s special analysis of 2 squares, 2 triangles, 6 squares, 6 triangles to 12 squares, 12 triangles, 20 squares, 20 triangles, respectively. Our 24 squares identity leads to a different formula for Ramanujan’s tau function τ(n), when n is odd. These results, depending on new expansions for powers of various products of classical theta functions, arise in the setting of Jacobi elliptic functions, associated continued fractions, regular C-fractions, Hankel or Turánian determinants, Fourier series, Lambert series, inclusion/exclusion, Laplace expansion formula for determinants, and Schur functions. The Schur function form of these infinite families of identities are analogous to the η-function identities of Macdonald. Moreover, the powers 4n(n + 1), 2n 2 + n, 2n 2 − n that appear in Macdonald’s work also arise at appropriate places in our analysis. A special case of our general methods yields a proof of the two Kac–Wakimoto conjectured identities involving representing

The purpose of this paper and its sequel is to determine the homotopy groups of the spectrum THH(l). Here p is an odd prime, l is the Adams summand of p-local connective K-theory (see for example [25]) and THH is the topological Hochschild homology

this paper were found with the help of the Maple symbolic algebra programming language.

A feedback-with-carry shift register (FCSR) with "Fibonacci" architecture is a shift register provided with a small amount of memory which is used in the feedback algorithm. Like the linear feedback shift register (LFSR), the FCSR provides a simple and predictable method for the fast generation of pseudorandom sequences with good statistical properties and large periods. In this paper, we describe and analyze an alternative architecture for the FCSR which is similar to the "Galois" architecture for the LFSR. The Galois architecture is more efficient than the Fibonacci architecture because the feedback computations are performed in parallel. We also describe the output sequences generated by the-FCSR, a slight modification of the (Fibonacci) FCSR architecture in which the feedback bit is delayed for clock cycles before being returned to the first cell of the shift register. We explain how these devices may be configured so as to generate sequences with large periods. We show that the -FCSR also admits a more efficient "Galois" architecture.

It may be a challenging problem to describe the integer solutions to a polynomial equation in several variables. Which integers, for example, are represented by a quadratic polynomial? This

A (finite) Fibonacci string F n is defined as follows: F 0 = b, F 1 = a; for every integer n 2, F n = F n\Gamma1 F n\Gamma2 . For n 1, the length of F n is denoted by f n = jF n j. The infinite Fibonacci string F is the string which contains every F n , n 1, as a prefix. Apart from their general theoretical importance, Fibonacci strings are often cited as worst case examples for algorithms which compute all the repetitions or all the "Abelian squares" in a given string. In this paper we provide a characterization of all the squares in F , hence in every prefix F n ; this characterization naturally gives rise to a \Theta(f n ) algorithm which specifies all the squares of F n in an appropriate encoding. This encoding is made possible by the fact that the squares of F n occur consecutively, in "runs", the number of which is \Theta(f n ). By contrast, the known general algorithms for the computation of the repetitions in an arbitrary string require \Theta(f n log f n ) time (and pro...

Introduction and background In 1952, P. Denes, from Budapest 1 , conjectured that three non-zero distinct n-th powers can not be in arithmetic progression when n > 2 [15], i.e. that the equation x n + y n = 2z n has no solution in integers x, y, z, n with x #= y, and n > 2. One cannot fail to notice that it is a variant of the Fermat-Wiles theorem. We would like to present the ideas which led H. Darmon and the author to the solution of Denes' problem in [13]. Many of them are those (due to Y. Hellegouarch, G. Frey, J.-P. Serre, B. Mazur, K. Ribet, A. Wiles, R. Taylor, ...) which led to the celebrated proof of Fermat's last theorem. Others originate in earlier work of Darmon (and Ribet). The proof of Fermat's last theorem