Abstract not found

Decision diagrams are a natural representation of finite functions. The obvious complexity measures are length and size which correspond to time and space of computations. Decision diagrams are the right model for considering space lower bounds and time-space trade-o#s. Due to the lack of powerful lower bound techniques, various types of restricted decision diagrams are investigated. They lead to new lower bound techniques and some of them allow e#cient algorithms for a list of operations on boolean functions. Indeed, restricted decision diagrams like ordered binary decision diagrams (OBDDs) are the most common data structure for boolean functions with many applications in verification, model checking, CAD tools, and graph problems. From a complexity theoretical point of view also randomized and nondeterministic decision diagrams are of interest.

Suppose each of k ≤ no(1) players holds an n-bit number xi in its hand. The players wish to determine if ∑ i≤k xi = s. We give a public-coin protocol with error 1% and communication O(k lg k). The communication bound is independent of n, and for k ≥ 3 improves on the O(k lg n) bound by Nisan (Bolyai Soc. Math. Studies; 1993). Our protocol also applies to addition modulo m. In this case we give a matching (public-coin) Ω(k lg k) lower bound for various m. We also obtain some lower bounds over the integers, including Ω(k lg lg k) for protocols that are one-way, like ours. We give a protocol to determine if ∑ xi> s with error 1 % and communication O(k lg k) lg n. For k ≥ 3 this improves on Nisan’s O(k lg 2 n) bound. A similar improvement holds for computing degree-(k − 1) polynomial-threshold functions in the number-on-forehead model. We give a (public-coin, 2-player, tight) Ω(lg n) lower bound to determine if x1> x2. This improves on the Ω ( √ lg n) bound by Smirnov (1988).