We present new baby steps/giant steps algorithms of asymptotically fast running time for dense matrix problems. Our algorithms compute the determinant, characteristic polynomial, Frobenius normal form and Smith normal form of a dense n n matrix A with integer entries in (n and (n bit operations; here denotes the largest entry in absolute value and the exponent adjustment by "+o(1)" captures additional factors for positive real constants C 1 , C 2 , C 3 . The bit complexity (n results from using the classical cubic matrix multiplication algorithm. Our algorithms are randomized, and we can certify that the output is the determinant of A in a Las Vegas fashion. The second category of problems deals with the setting where the matrix A has elements from an abstract commutative ring, that is, when no divisions in the domain of entries are possible. We present algorithms that deterministically compute the determinant, characteristic polynomial and adjoint of A with n and O(n ) ring additions, subtractions and multiplications.

The input to our algorithm is a multivariate polynomial, whose complex rational coe#cients are considered imprecise with an unknown error that causes f to be irreducible over the complex numbers C. We seek to perturb the coe#cients by a small quantitity such that the resulting polynomial factors over C. Ideally, one would like to minimize the perturbation in some selected distance measure, but no e#cient algorithm for that is known. We give a numerical multivariate greatest common divisor algorithm and use it on a numerical variant of algorithms by W. M. Ruppert and S. Gao. Our numerical factorizer makes repeated use of singular value decompositions. We demonstrate on a significant body of experimental data that our algorithm is practical and can find factorizable polynomials within a distance that is about the same in relative magnitude as the input error, even when the relative error in the input is substantial (10 -3 ).

New algorithms are presented for computing the minimal polynomial over a finite field K of a given element in an algebraic extension of K of the form K[ff] or K[ff][fi]. The new algorithms are explicit and can be implemented rather easily in terms of polynomial multiplication, and are much more efficient than other algorithms in the literature. 1 Introduction In this paper, we consider the problem of computing the minimal polynomial over a finite field K of a given element oe in an algebraic extension of K of the form K[ff] or K[ff][fi]. The minimal polynomial of oe is defined to be the unique monic polynomial OE oe=K 2 K[x] of least degree such that OE oe=K (oe) = 0. In the first case, we assume that the ring K[ff] is given as K[x]=(f) where f 2 K[x] is a monic polynomial of degree n, and that elements in K[ff] are represented in the natural way as elements of K[x] !n (the set of polynomials of degree less than n). Similarly, in the second case, we assume that K[ff] is given as a...

Abstract. We study the complexity of computing one or several terms (not necessarily consecutive) in a recurrence with polynomial coefficients. As applications, we improve the best currently known upper bounds for factoring integers deterministically and for computing the Cartier–Manin operator of hyperelliptic curves.

The main idea of the "black box" approach in exact linear algebra is to reduce matrix problems to the computation of minimum polynomials. In most cases preconditioning is necessary to obtain the desired result. Here, good preconditioners will be used to ensure geometrical / algebraic properties on matrices, rather than numerical ones, so we do not address a condition number. We o#er a review of problems for which (algebraic) preconditioning is used, provide a bestiary of preconditioning problems, and discuss several preconditioner types to solve these problems. We present new conditioners, including conditioners to preserve low displacement rank for Toeplitz-like matrices. We also provide new analyses of preconditioner performance and results on the relations among preconditioning problems and with linear algebra problems. Thus improvements are offered for the e#ciency and applicability of preconditioners. The focus is on linear algebra problems over finite fields, but most results are valid for entries from arbitrary fields.

A new algorithm is presented for factoring bivariate approximate polynomials over C [x, y]. Given a particular polynomial, the method constructs a nearby composite polynomial, if one exists, and its irreducible factors. Subject to a conjecture, the time to produce the factors is polynomial in the degree of the problem. This method has been implemented in Maple, and has been demonstrated to be efficient and numerically robust.

We study the problem of bounding a polynomial away from polynomials which are absolutely irreducible. Such separation bounds are useful for testing whether a numerical polynomial is absolutely irreducible, given a certain tolerance on its coefficients. Using an absolute irreducibility criterion due to Ruppert, we are able to find useful separation bounds, in several norms, for bivariate polynomials. We also use Ruppert's criterion to derive new, more effective Noether forms for polynomials of arbitrarily many variables. These forms lead to small separation bounds for polynomials of arbitrarily many variables.

We propose fast algorithms for computing composed products and composed sums, as well as diamond products of univariate polynomials. These operations correspond to special multivariate resultants, that we compute using power sums of roots of polynomials, by means of their generating series.

This paper presents an algorithm and its implementation for computing the approximate GCD (greatest common divisor) of multivariate polynomials whose coefficients may be inexact. The method and the companion software appears to be the first practical package with such capabilities. The most significant features of the algorithm are its robustness and accuracy as demonstrated in the results of computational experiment. In addition, two variations of a squarefree factorization algorithm for multivariate polynomials are proposed as an application of the GCD algorithm.

Summary. Mathematical programming is a language for describing optimization problems; it is based on parameters, decision variables, objective function(s) subject to various types of constraints. The present treatment is concerned with the case when objective(s) and constraints are algebraic mathematical expressions of the parameters and decision variables, and therefore excludes optimization of black-box functions. A reformulation of a mathematical program P is a mathematical program Q obtained from P via symbolic transformations applied to the sets of variables, objectives and constraints. We present a survey of existing reformulations interpreted along these lines, some example applications, and describe the implementation of a software framework for reformulation and optimization. 1