The publication of the quadratic Frobenius primality test [6] has stimulated a lot of research, see e.g. [4, 10, 11]. In this test as well as in the Miller-Rabin test [13], a composite number may be declared as probably prime. Repeating several tests decreases that error probability. While most of the above research papers focus on minimising the error probability as a function of the number of tests (or, more generally, of the computational e ort) asymptotically, we present a simpli ed variant SQFT of the quadratic Frobenius test. This test is so simple that it can easily be implemented on a smart card. During prime number generation, a large number of composite numbers must be tested before a (probable) prime is found. Therefore we need a fast test, such as the Miller-Rabin test with a small basis, to rule out most prime candidates quickly before a promising candidate will be tested with a more sophisticated variant of the QFT. Our test SQFT makes optimum use of the information gathered by a previous Miller-Rabin test. It has run time equivalent to two Miller-Rabin tests; and it achieves a worst-case error probability of 2 −12t with t tests. Most cryptographic standards require an average-case error probability of at most 2 −80 or 2 −100, see e.g. [7], when prime numbers are generated in public key systems. Our test SQFT achieves an average-case error probability of 2 −134 with two test rounds for 500−bit primes. We also present a more sophisticated version SQFT3 of our test that has run time and worst-case error probability comparable to the test EQFTwc presented in [4] in all cases. The test SQFT3 avoids the computation of cubic residuosity symbols, as required in the test EQFTwc. Key Words: smart card, prime number generation, primality testing, quadratic Frobenius test

The following two computational problems are studied: Duplicate grouping: Assume that n items are given, each of which is labeled by an integer key from the set 0,..., U � 1 4. Store the items in an array of size n such that items with the same key occupy a contiguous segment of the array. Closest pair: Assume that a multiset of n points in the d-dimensional Euclidean space is given, where d � 1 is a fixed integer. Each point is represented as a d-tuple of integers in the range 0,..., U � 14 Ž or of arbitrary real numbers.. Find a closest pair, i.e., a pair of points whose distance is minimal over all such pairs.