An explicit recursion-theoretic definition of a random sequence or random set of natural numbers was given by Martin-Löf in 1966. Other approaches leading to the notions of n-randomness and weak n-randomness have been presented by Solovay, Chaitin, and Kurtz. We investigate the properties of n-random and weakly n-random sequences with an emphasis on the structure of their Turing degrees. After an introduction and summary, in Chapter II we present several equivalent definitions of n-randomness and weak n-randomness including a new definition in terms of a forcing relation analogous to the characterization of n-generic sequences in terms of Cohen forcing. We also prove that, as conjectured by Kurtz, weak nrandomness is indeed strictly weaker than n-randomness. Chapter III is concerned with intrinsic properties of n-random sequences. The main results are that an (n + 1)-random sequence A satisfies the condition A (n) ≡T A⊕0 (n) (strengthening a result due originally to Sacks) and that n-random sequences satisfy a number of strong independence properties, e.g., if A ⊕ B is n-random then A is n-random relative to B. It follows that any countable distributive lattice can be embedded

Gödel's work [Gö34] on undecidable theories and the subsequent formalisations of the notion of a recursive function ([Tu36], [K136] etc.) have led to an ever deepening understanding of the nature of the non-computable universe (which as Gödel himself showed, includes sets and functions of everyday significance). The nontrivial aspect of Church's Thesis (any function not contained within one of the equivalent definitions of recursive/Turing computable, cannot be considered to be effectively computable) still provides a basis not only for classical and generalised recursion theory, but also for contemporary theoretical computer science. Recent years, in parallel with the massive increase in interest in the computable universe and the development of much subtler concepts of 'practically computable', have seen remarkable progress with some of the most basic and challenging questions concerning the non-computable universe, results both of philosophical significance and of potentially wider technical importance. Relativising Church's Thesis, Kleene and Post [KP54] proposed the now

We present a summary of the lectures delivered to the Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Singapore, during the 2005 Summer School in Mathematical Logic. The lectures covered topics on the global structure of the Turing degrees D, the countability of its automorphism group, and the definability of the Turing jump within D.

this article, we retrace the history of computability theory since 1965 in relation to the questions raised by Rogers, and try to shed a little more light on those for which solutions have yet to appear