It is shown that, given any finite set of pairs of random events in a Boolean algebra which are correlated with respect to a fixed probability measure on the algebra, the algebra can be extended in such a way that the extension contains events that can be regarded as common causes of the correlations in the sense of Reichenbach's definition of common cause. It is shown, further, that, given any quantum probability space and any set of commuting events in it which are correlated with respect to a fixed quantum state, the quantum probability space can be extended in such a way that the extension contains common causes of all the selected correlations, where common cause is again taken in the sense of Reichenbach's definition. It is argued that these results very strongly restrict the possible ways of disproving Reichenbach's Common Cause Principle.

I consider the problem of extending Reichenbach's principle of the common causeto more than two events, vis-a-vis an example posed by Bernstein. It is argued that the only reasonable extension of Reichenbach's principle stands in conflict with a recentproposal due to Horwich. I also discuss prospects of the principle of the common cause in the light of these and other difficulties known in the literature and argue that a moreviable version of the principle is the one provided by Penrose and Percival (1962).

In this paper I assess the adequacy of no-conspiracy conditions present in the usual derivations of the Bell inequality in the context of EPR correlations. First, I look at the EPR correlations from a purely phenomenological point of view and claim that common cause explanations of these can not be ruled out. I argue that an appropriate common cause explanation requires that no-conspiracy conditions are re-interpreted as mere common cause-measurement independence conditions. Violations of measurement independence thus need not entail any kind of conspiracy (nor backwards in time causation). This new reading of measurement dependence provides the grounds for an explicitly non-factorizable (in the sense of Bell’s factorizability) common cause model for EPR. 1

The aim of this paper is to make an introduction to the Einstein-Fine interpretation of quantum mechanics and to show how it can solve the EPR-Bell problem. Analyzing the EPR experiment we will find a principal logical loophole in the real spin correlation experiments. The Einstein-Fine interpretation claims that the detection inefficiency we encounter in the experiments is not the effect of the random errors in the analyzer + detector equipment, but it is the manifestation of a pre-settled (hidden) property of the particles. In the second part of the paper I prove the existence of reasonable prism models of the n × n spin correlation experiment, in which the efficiencies are 50%, independently of n. CONTENT

On the Einstein–Fine solution of the

On Reichenbach’s common cause principle and