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...a greater extent and for a longer duration than isoenergetic carbohydrate alone (Borsheim, Aarsland, & Wolfe, 2004). This has been demonstrated for both casein and whey protein added to carbohydrate (=-=Tipton et al., 2004-=-). The amount of protein necessary for ingestion immediately after exercise to elicit this effect appears to be quite modest (*6 g) (Tipton, Ferrando, Phillips, Doyle, & Wolfe, 1999; Tipton et al., 20...

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...ppression of MPB. The impact of ingesting intact dietary proteins, particularly dairy source proteins, on pre- and post-exercise muscle protein kinetics has been recently studied (Elliot et al. 2006; =-=Tipton et al. 2004-=-, 2006; Wilkinson et al. 2006b). A comparison of post-exercise whey versus casein consumption (20 g each) showed that both proteins stimulated net amino acid uptake, presumably leading to increased MP...

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...ble adaptation ofsthe muscle. It is now clear that the uptake of amino acids from ingested protein issvariable and dependent on many factors other than simply the amount ingested. Thestype of protein =-=(49, 57)-=- or amino acids (9, 49, 51), concurrently ingested nutrientss(9, 15, 26), and the timing of intake in relation to exercise (48, 52) all influence thesuptake of amino acids from protein sources. Thus, ...

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...istance exercise does not provide any benefit in regards to increases in lean tissue accruement or strength (Candow et al., 2006), evidence does support a greater protein need for strength and power athletes compared to endurance athletes and the sedentary population (Lemon et al., 1992; Tarnopolsky et al., 1992). Considering that heavy resistance exercise ORGINAL ARTICLE Researcher in Sport Science Quarterly 2010, 1 (1): 8- 18 sheibani et al 9 results in disruption or damage to the active muscle fibers, a greater protein intake may assist in the repair and remodeling process of these fibers (Tipton et al., 2004). A decrease in muscle damage, attenuation of force decrements, and an enhanced recovery from resistance exercise has been demonstrated in subjects using protein supplements (Kraemer et al., 2006; Ratamess et al., 2003). The combination of resistance training with a greater amino acid pool may result in a positive nitrogen balance and an increase in protein synthesis (Roy et al., 2000). This may have important implications for improvements in both muscle size and strength. Protein intake has also been suggested to have an important role in regulating the anabolic hormones that are involved wit...

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...and/or after resistance exercise (RE) is shown to promote a better anabolic response (i.e. a higher stimulation of protein synthesis and a positive net protein balance) compared to placebo treatments =-=(27; 28)-=-. In young adults, the presence of carbohydrate (glucose) appears to enhance this response (20). Therefore, it has been suggested that the consumption of a protein-carbohydrate supplement immediately ...

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.../or after resistance exercise (RE) is shown to promote a better anabolic response (i.e., a higher stimulation of protein synthesis and a positive net protein balance) compared with placebo treatments =-=(27,28)-=-. In young adults, the presence of carbohydrate (glucose) seems to enhance this response (20). Therefore, it has been suggested that the consumption of a protein–carbohydrate supplement immediately be...

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...992). Considering that heavy resistance exercise results in disruption or damage to the active musclesfibers, a greater protein intake may assist in the repair andsremodeling process of these fibers (=-=Tipton et al., 2004-=-). Asdecrease in muscle damage, attenuation of force decrements, and an enhanced recovery from resistance exerciseshas been demonstrated in subjects using protein supplements (Kraemer et al., 2006; Ra...

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...ttle to no change in rate; +, NBALsimproves to positive levels from negative.sMPS MPB NBAL Protein or amino acids alone [2,36] ↑ ↔ or ↓ ↑ to + Exercise alone [5,37,38] ↑ ↑ ↑ Amino acids plus exercise =-=[2,39,40]-=- ↑↑ ↔ ↑↑ to + Carbohydrates (insulin) alone [41,42] ↑ ↔ ↑ Carbohydrates (insulin) plus exercises[7,41,43]s↔ ↓ ↑ Carbohydrates (insulin) plus amino acidssfollowing exercise [7,10,44] ↑↑ ↓ ↑↑↑ to + POIN...