[Read before The Royal Statistical Society at a meeting organized by the Research

(ranGACV) method for choosing multiple smoothing parameters in penalized likelihood estimates for Bernoulli data. The method is intended for application with penalized likelihood smoothing spline ANOVA models. In addition we propose a class of approximate numerical methods for solving the penalized likelihood variational problem which, in conjunction with the ranGACV method allows the application of smoothing spline ANOVA models with Bernoulli data to much larger data sets than previously possible. These methods are based on choosing an approximating subset of the natural (representer) basis functions for the variational problem. Simulation studies with synthetic data, including synthetic data mimicking demographic risk factor data sets is used to examine the properties of the method and to compare the approach with the GRKPACK code of Wang (1997c). Bayesian “confidence intervals ” are obtained for the fits and are shown in the simulation studies to have the “across the function ” property usually claimed for these confidence intervals. Finally the method is applied

We consider the problem of comparing complex hierarchical models in which the number of parameters is not clearly defined. We follow Dempster in examining the posterior distribution of the log-likelihood under each model, from which we derive measures of fit and complexity (the effective number of parameters). These may be combined into a Deviance Information Criterion (DIC), which is shown to have an approximate decision-theoretic justification. Analytic and asymptotic identities reveal the measure of complexity to be a generalisation of a wide range of previous suggestions, with particular reference to the neural network literature. The contributions of individual observations to fit and complexity can give rise to a diagnostic plot of deviance residuals against leverages. The procedure is illustrated in a number of examples, and throughout it is emphasised that the required quantities are trivial to compute in a Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis, and require no analytic work for new...

Key words and phrases: Penalized likelihood estimate, generalized approximate cross validation, unbiased risk estimate, Poisson regression.

❙ X: Επίπεδο εστριόλης (estriol) των εγκύων γυναικών ❚ Υ i ~ Normal(μ i, σ 2) ❚ μ i =η i =α+βΧ i 6 … ΑΠΛΟΙ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΙ ΥΠΟΘΕΣΕΩΝ 6.1. Εισαγωγή: Εκ-των-Υστερων Λόγος