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...ation, and response selection. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has been attributed a role in selective attention and response selection (Decary and Richter, 1995; Sakai et al., 2000; Passingham, 1993; =-=Deiber et al., 1996-=-; Jueptner et al., 1997; Rubia et al., 1998). The implication of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in response selection is supported by the fact that the main dorsolateral prefrontal focus was during th...

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...eas (Middleton et al., 1994; Kim et al., 1994), may be involved in establishing the task-appropriate inhibitory preparatory activity necessary to successfully suppress automatic behavioral responses (=-=Deiber et al., 1996-=-). The relatively late integration of these widely distributed regions into this brain network may be an important basis for the ability of adults to optimize the preparedness required to consistently...

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...n, then stimulation at this control site, and not the angular gyrus, would be expected to have the more disruptive effect. Moreover the supramarginal gyrus is closely associated with motor attention (=-=Deiber et al., 1996-=-; Rushworth et al., 2001a,b,c) and the control of limb movements. If the interference effects of rTMS were simply due to disruption of the responses required by the task then, again, the deficit would...

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...Riggio, Dascola, & Umilta, 1987; Wise, 1985). Although the PMA, SMA, basal ganglia, and cerebellum are known to be associated with motor performance (Horwitz, Deiber, Ibanez, Sadato, & Hallett, 2000; =-=Deiber, Ibanez, Sadato, & Hallett, 1996-=-; Houk & Wise, 1995), we cannot rule out a secondary role in attention. Note that these areas were not reported to show attention modulation effects in studies in which behavioral performance was not ...

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...olby and Goldberg, 1999). It has previously been shown that intention depends on the supramarginal gyrus and AIP; these areas are activated more when subjects covertly attend to or prepare movements (=-=Deiber et al., 1996-=-; Krams et al., 1998; Rushworth et al., 2001b). Lesions and TMS inactivation in this region prevent subjects from switching attention from one movement to another (Rushwoth et al., 1997, 2001a). The p...

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... Caminiti, 1996; Ashe & Georgopoulos, 1994; Crammond & Kalaska, 1989). Imaging studies in humans have also investigated neural correlates of movement planning, isolating neurovascular responses during movement preparation in delayed response tasks (Connolly, Goodale, Menon, & Munoz, 2002; Simon et al., 2002; Thoenissen, Zilles, & Toni, 2002; Toni, Shah, et al., 2002; Toni, Thoenissen, & Zilles, 2001; Connolly, Goodale, Desouza, Menon, & Vilis, 2000; D’Esposito, Ballard, Zarahn, & Aguirre, 2000; Toni, Schluter, Josephs, Friston, & Passingham, 1999; Richter, Andersen, Georgopoulos, & Kim, 1997; Deiber, Ibanez, Sadato, & Hallett, 1996). However, these studies have not explicitly addressed the nature of the information processes implemented by frontal and parietal regions during the transformation of sensory stimuli into motor responses. Furthermore, these investigations have been based on the notion that preparing to execute an action evokes its mental representation (Rizzolatti & Luppino, 2001; Jeannerod, 1997). However, immediate and delayed performances of motor behavior might be controlled by different neural circuits (Rossetti & Pisella, 2002). For instance, psychophysical studies have shown that providing immediate o...