. We show how to construct a model of dependent type theory (category with attributes) from a locally cartesian closed category (lccc). This allows to define a semantic function interpreting the syntax of type theory in an lccc. We sketch an application which gives rise to an interpretation of extensional type theory in intensional type theory. 1 Introduction and Motivation Interpreting dependent type theory in locally cartesian closed categories (lcccs) and more generally in (non split) fibrational models like the ones described in [7] is an intricate problem. The reason is that in order to interpret terms associated with substitution like pairing for \Sigma -types or application for \Pi-types one needs a semantical equivalent to syntactic substitution. To clarify the issue let us have a look at the "naive" approach described in Seely's seminal paper [14] which contains a subtle inaccuracy. Assume some dependently typed calculus like the one defined in [10] and an lccc C (a category ...

Despite achieving compelling results in engineering and optimization problems, coevolutionary algorithms remain difficult to understand, with most knowledge to date coming from practical successes and failures, not from theoretical understanding. Thus, explaining why coevolution succeeds is still more art than science. In this paper, we present a theoretical framework for studying coevolution based on the mathematics of ordered sets.

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Eliciting the requirements for a proposed system typically involves different stakeholders with different expertise, responsibilities, and perspectives. Viewpoints-based approaches have been proposed as a way to manage incomplete and inconsistent models gathered from multiple sources. In this paper, we propose a category-theoretic framework for the analysis of fuzzy viewpoints. Informally, a fuzzy viewpoint is a graph in which the elements of a lattice are used to specify the amount of knowledge available about the details of nodes and edges. By defining an appropriate notion of morphism between fuzzy viewpoints, we construct categories of fuzzy viewpoints and prove that these categories are (finitely) cocomplete. We then show how colimits can be employed to merge the viewpoints and detect the inconsistencies that arise independent of any particular choice of viewpoint semantics. We illustrate an application of the framework through a case-study showing how fuzzy viewpoints can serve as a requirements elicitation tool in reactive systems. 1

this paper the author was partially supported by an SERC/EPSRC Advanced Research Fellowship, EPSRC Research grant GR/L54639, and EU Working Group APPSEM

Fibring has been shown to be useful for combining logics endowed with truth-functional semantics. One wonders if bring can be extended in order to cope with logics endowed with non-truth-functional semantics as, for example, paraconsistent logics. The rst main contribution of the paper is a positive answer to this question. Furthermore, it is shown that this extended notion of bring preserves completeness under certain reasonable conditions. This completeness transfer result, the second main contribution of the paper, generalizes the one established by Zanardo et al. and is obtained using a new technique exploiting the properties of the metalogic where the (possibly non-truth-functional) valuations are de ned. The modal paraconsistent logic of da Costa and Carnielli is obtained by bring and its completeness is so established.

. Ontologies allow the abstract conceptualisation of domains, but a given domain can be conceptualised through many different ontologies, which can be problematic when ontologies are used to support knowledge sharing. We present a formal account of ontologies that is intended to support knowledge sharing through precise characterisations of relationships such as compatibility and refinement. We take an algebraic approach, in which ontologies are presented as logical theories. This allows us to characterise relations between ontologies as relations between their classes of models. A major result is cocompleteness of specifications, which supports merging of ontologies across shared sub-ontologies. 1 Introduction Over the last decade ontologies --- best characterised as explicit specifications of a conceptualisation of a domain [17] --- have become increasingly important in the design and development of knowledge based systems, and for knowledge representations generally. They...

We present a higher-order functional notation for polynomial-time computation with an arbitrary 0, 1-valued oracle. This formulation provides a linguistic characterization for classes such as NP and BPP, as well as a notation for probabilistic polynomialtime functions. The language is derived from Hofmann 's adaptation of Bellantoni-Cook safe recursion, extended to oracle computation via work derived from that of Kapron and Cook. Like Hofmann's language, ours is an applied typed lambda calculus with complexity bounds enforced by a type system. The type system uses a modal operator to distinguish between two sorts of numerical expressions. Recursion can take place on only one of these sorts. The proof that the language captures precisely oracle polynomial time is model-theoretic, using adaptations of various techniques from category theory.

Abstract interpretation is the name applied to a number of techniques for reasoning about programs by evaluating them over non-standard domains whose elements denote properties over the standard domains. This thesis is concerned with higherorder functional languages and abstract interpretations with a formal semantic basis. It is known how abstract interpretation for the simply typed lambda calculus can be formalised by using binary logical relations. This has the advantage of making correctness and other semantic concerns straightforward to reason about. Its main disadvantage is that it enforces the identification of properties as sets. This thesis shows how the known formalism can be generalised by the use of ternary logical relations, and in particular how this allows abstract values to deno...

This paper introduces the proof principle of terminal sequence induction and shows, how terminal sequence induction can be used to obtain expressiveness results for logics, interpreted over coalgebras.