Total Variation (TV) methods are very effective for recovering "blocky", possibly discontinuous, images from noisy data. A fixed point algorithm for minimizing a TV-penalized least squares functional is presented and compared with existing minimization schemes. A variant of the cell-centered finite difference multigrid method of Ewing and Shen is implemented for solving the (large, sparse) linear subproblems. Numerical results are presented for one- and two-dimensional examples; in particular, the algorithm is applied to actual data obtained from confocal microscopy.

Abstract. We provide a framework for the analysis of a large class of discontinuous methods for second-order elliptic problems. It allows for the understanding and comparison of most of the discontinuous Galerkin methods that have been proposed over the past three decades for the numerical treatment of elliptic problems.

The use of energy-minimizing curves, known as "snakes" to extract features of interest in images has been introduced by Kass, Witkin and Terzopoulos [23]. A balloon model was introduced in [12] as a way to generalize and solve some of the problems encountered with the original method. We present a 3D generalization of the balloon model as a 3D deformable surface, which evolves in 3D images. It is deformed under the action of internal and external forces attracting the surface toward detected edgels by means of an attraction potential. We also show properties of energy-minimizing surfaces concerning their relationship with 3D edge points. To solve the minimization problem for a surface, two simplified approaches are shown first, defining a 3D surface as a series of 2D planar curves. Then, after comparing Finite Element Method and Finite Difference Method in the 2D problem, we solve the 3D model using the Finite Element Method yielding greater stability and faster convergence. We have a...

. Domain decomposition methods provide powerful preconditioners for the iterative solution of the large systems of algebraic equations that arise in finite element or finite difference approximations of partial differential equations. The preconditioners are constructed from exact or approximate solvers for the same partial differential equation restricted to a set of subregions into which the given region has been divided. In addition, the preconditioner is often augmented by a coarse, second level approximation, that provides additional, global exchange of information, and which can enhance the rate of convergence considerably. The iterative substructuring methods, based on decompositions of the region into non-overlapping subregions, form one of the main families of such algorithms. Many domain decomposition algorithms can conveniently be described and analyzed as Schwarz methods. These algorithms are fully defined in terms of a set of subspaces and auxiliary bilinear forms. A gener...

this paper, we study the Local Discontinuous Galerkin methods for nonlinear, time-dependent convection-diffusion systems. These methods are an extension of the Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin methods for purely hyperbolic systems to convection-diffusion systems and share with those methods their high parallelizability, their high-order formal accuracy, and their easy handling of complicated geometries, for convection dominated problems. It is proven that for scalar equations, the Local Discontinuous Galerkin methods are L

Numerical experiments have shown that two-level Schwarz methods often perform very well even if the overlap between neighboring subregions is quite small. This is true to an even greater extent for a related algorithm, due to Barry Smith, where a Schwarz algorithm is applied to the reduced linear system of equations that remains after that the variables interior to the subregions have been eliminated. In this paper, a supporting theory is developed.

The heterogeneous multiscale method gives a general framework for the analysis of multiscale methods. In this paper, we demonstrate this by applying this framework to two canonical problems: The elliptic problem with multiscale coefficients and the quasi-continuum method.

A sliver is a tetrahedron whose four vertices lie close to a plane and whose orthogonal projection to that plane is a convex quadrilateral with no short edge. Slivers are notoriously common in 3-dimensional Delaunay triangulations even for well-spaced point sets. We show that if the Delaunay triangulation has the ratio property introduced in [15] then there is an assignment of weights so the weighted Delaunay triangulation contains no slivers. We also give an algorithm to compute such a weight assignment.

This is a survey of the main results on multivariate polynomial interpolation in the last twenty-five years, a period of time when the subject experienced its most rapid development. The problem is considered from two different points of view: the construction of data points which allow unique interpolation for given interpolation spaces as well as the converse. In addition, one section is devoted to error formulas and another to connections with computer algebra. An extensive list of references is also included.

The origins and some motivational details of a collection of nonlinear mixed complementarity problems are given. This collection serves two purposes. Firstly, it gives a uniform basis for testing currently available and new algorithms for mixed complementarity problems. Function and Jacobian evaluations for the resulting problems are provided via a GAMS interface, making thorough testing of algorithms on practical complementarity problems possible. Secondly, it gives examples of how to formulate many popular problem formats as mixed complementarity problems and how to describe the resulting problems in GAMS format. We demonstrate the ease and power of formulating practical models in the MCP format. Given these examples, it is hoped that this collection will grow to include many problems that test complementarity algorithms more fully. The collection is available by anonymous ftp. Computational results using the PATH solver covering all of these problems are described. 1 Introduction R...