An ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile hosts forming a temporary network without the aid of any established infrastructure or centralized administration. In such an environment, it may be necessary for one mobile host to enlist the aid of other hosts in forwarding a packet to its destination, due to the limited range of each mobile host’s wireless transmissions. This paper presents a protocol for routing in ad hoc networks that uses dynamic source routing. The protocol adapts quickly to routing changes when host movement is frequent, yet requires little or no overhead during periods in which hosts move less frequently. Based on results from a packet-level simulation of mobile hosts operating in an ad hoc network, the protocol performs well over a variety of environmental conditions such as host density and movement rates. For all but the highest rates of host movement simulated, the overhead of the protocol is quite low, falling to just 1 % of total data packets transmitted for moderate movement rates in a network of 24 mobile hosts. In all cases, the difference in length between the routes used and the optimal route lengths is negligible, and in most cases, route lengths are on average within a factor of 1.01 of optimal. 1.

An ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile hosts forming a temporary network withoutthe aid of any centralized administration or standard support services. In such an environment, it may be necessary for one mobile host to enlist the aid of others in forwarding a packet to its destination, due to the limited propagation range of each mobile host's wireless transmissions. Some previous attempts have been made to use conventional routing protocols for routing in ad hoc networks, treating each mobile host as a router. This position paper points out a number of problems with this design and suggests a new approach based on separate route discovery and route maintenance protocols.

This report describes the internal structure of the networking facilities developed for the 4.3BSD version of the UNIX* operating system for the VAX+. These facilities are based on several central abstractions which structure the external (user) view of network communication as well as the internal (system) implementation. The report documents the internal structure of the networking system. The "Berkeley Software Architecture Manual, 4.3BSD Edition" (PS1:6) provides a description of the user interface to the networking facilities. Revised April 17, 1991

This report describes the internal structure of the networking facilities developed for the 4.4BSD version of the UNIX* operating system for the VAX+. These facilities are based on several central abstractions which structure the external (user) view of network communication as well as the internal (system) implementation. The report documents the internal structure of the networking system. The "Berkeley Software Architecture Manual, 4.4BSD Edition" (PSD:5) provides a description of the user interface to the networking facilities. Revised June 10, 1993 ################## * UNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories. + DEC, VAX, DECnet, and UNIBUS are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. SMM:18-2 Networking Implementation Notes TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Overview 3. Goals 4. Internal address representation 5. Memory management 6. Internal layering 6.1. Socket layer 6.1.1. Socket state 6.1.2. Socket data queues 6.1.3. Socket connection queuing 6.2. Protocol layer(s) ...

This paper describes the server system, both hardware and software, and discusses some network management issues raised as a result of the associated experimentation and testing of the system