Abstract not found

Recent improvements in an unstructured-grid method for large-scale aerodynamic design are presented. Previous work had shown such computations to be prohibitively long in a sequential processing environment. Also, robust adjoint solutions and mesh movement procedures were difficult to realize, particularly for viscous flows. To overcome these limiting factors, a set of design codes based on a discrete adjoint method is extended to a multiprocessor environment using a shared memory approach. A nearly linear speedup is demonstrated, and the consistency of the linearizations is shown to remain valid. The full linearization of the residual is used to precondition the adjoint system, and a significantly improved convergence rate is obtained. A new mesh movement algorithm is implemented and several advantages over an existing technique are presented. Several design cases are shown for turbulent flows in two and three dimensions.

Introduction 1.1 Output functionals Why do engineers perform CFD calculations? In the case of a transport aircraft at cruise conditions, a calculation might be performed to investigate whether there is an adverse pressure gradient near the leading edge of the wing, causing boundary layer separation and premature transition. Alternatively, one might be concerned about wing/pylon/nacelle integration, in which case one might be looking to see if there are any shocks on the pylon, leading to unacceptable integration losses. In both of these examples, qualitative information is being obtained from the computed ow eld to understand and interpret the impact of the phenomena on the quantitative outputs of most concern to the aeronautical engineer, the lift and drag on the aircraft. The quality of the CFD calculation is judged, rst and foremost, by the accuracy of the lift and drag predictions. The details of the ow eld are much less important, and are used in a more qualitative manner t

Professor Darmofal and the generous funding provided by NASA Langley (grant number NAG1-03035). Secondly, the effort put into Project X by faculty and students (past and present) have made it possible to carry out the computational demonstrations in higher-order DG. In particular, Krzysztof Fidkowski and Todd Oliver are to be acknowledged for their contributions towards the development of the flow solvers and also for providing some of the grids for the test cases demonstrated. Finally, thanks must go to thesis committee members Professors Peraire and Willcox as well as thesis readers Dr. Natalia Alexandrov and Dr. Steven Allmaras for the time they put into reading the thesis and providing the valuable feedbacks. 3 46 Adjoint approach to shape sensitivity 117 6.1 Introduction...............................

An aerodynamic design algorithm for turbulent flows using unstructured grids is described. The current approach uses adjoint (costate) variables to obtain derivatives of the cost function. The solution of the adjoint equations is obtained by using an implicit formulation in which the turbulence model is fully coupled with the flow equations when solving for the costate variables. The accuracy of the derivatives is demonstrated by comparison with finite-difference gradients and a few sample computations are shown. In addition, a user interface is described that significantly reduces the time required to set up the design problems. Recommendations on directions of further research into the Navier-Stokes design process are made.

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