We consider parabolic stochastic partial differential equations driven by white noise in time. We prove exponential convergence of the transition probabilities towards a unique invariant measure under suitable conditions. These conditions amount essentially to the fact that the equation transmits the noise to all its determining modes. Several examples are investigated, including some where the noise does not act on every determining mode directly.

We give an overview of the ideas central to some recent developments in the ergodic theory of the stochastically forced Navier Stokes equations and other dissipative stochastic partial differential equations. Since our desire is to make the core ideas clear, we will mostly work with a specific example: the stochastically forced Navier Stokes equations. To further clarify ideas, we will also examine in detail a toy problem. A few general theorems are given. Spatial regularity, ergodicity, exponential mixing, coupling for a SPDE, and hypoellipticity are all discussed. This article attempts to collect a number of ideas which have proven useful in the study of stochastically forced dissipative partial differential equations. The discussion will center around those of ergodicity but will also touch on the regularity of both solutions and transition densities. Since our desire is to make the core ideas clear, we will mostly work with a specific example: the stochastically forced Navier Stokes equations. To further clarify ideas, we will also examine in detail a toy problem. Though we have not tried to give any great generality, we also present a number of abstract results to help isolate what assumptions are used in which arguments. Though a few results are presented in new ways and a number of proofs are streamlined, the core ideas remain more or less the same as in the originally cited papers. We do improve sightly the exponential mixing results given in [Mat02c]; however, the techniques used are the same. Lastly, we do not claim to be exhaustive. This is not meant to be an all encompassing review article. The view point given here is a personal one; nonetheless, citations are given to good starting points for related works both by the author and others. Consider the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation with stochastic forcing:

We develop a general method that allows to show the existence of spectral gaps for Markov semigroups on Banach spaces. Unlike most previous work, the type of norm we consider for this analysis is neither a weighted supremum norm nor an Ł p-type norm, but involves the derivative of the observable as well and hence can be seen as a type of 1–Wasserstein distance. This turns out to be a suitable approach for infinite-dimensional spaces where the usual Harris or Doeblin conditions, which are geared to total variation convergence, regularly fail to hold. In the first part of this paper, we consider semigroups that have uniform behaviour which one can view as an extension of Doeblin’s condition. We then proceed to study situations where the behaviour is not so uniform, but the system has a suitable Lyapunov structure, leading to a type of Harris condition. We finally show that the latter condition is satisfied by the two-dimensional stochastic Navier-Stokers equations, even in situations where the forcing is extremely degenerate. Using the convergence result, we show shat the stochastic Navier-Stokes equations ’ invariant measures depend continuously on the viscosity and the structure of the forcing. 1

We consider the 2D Navier–Stokes system, perturbed by a random force, such that sufficiently many of its Fourier modes are excited (e.g. all of them are). We discuss the results on the existence and uniqueness of a stationary measure for this system, obtained in last years, homogeneity of the measures and some their limiting properties. Next we use these results to prove that solutions of the equations obey the central limit theorem and the strong law of large numbers. Keywords: 1.

We explore Ito stochastic differential equations where the drift term has possibly infinite dependence on the past. Assuming the existence of a Lyapunov function, we prove the existence of a stationary solution assuming only minimal continuity of the coefficients. Uniqueness of the stationary solution is proved if the dependence on the past decays sufficiently fast. The results of this paper are then applied to stochastically forced dissipative partial differential equations such as the stochastic Navier-Stokes equation and stochastic Ginsburg-Landau equation.

In this paper, we study the dynamics of a two-dimensional stochastic Navier-Stokes equation on a smooth domain, driven by multiplicative white noise. We show that solutions of the 2D Navier-Stokes equation generate a perfect and locally compacting C 1,1 cocycle. Using multiplicative ergodic theory techniques, we establish the existence of a discrete non-random Lyapunov spectrum for the cocycle. The Lyapunov spectrum characterizes the asymptotics of the cocycle near the zero equilibrium solution. We give sufficient conditions on the parameters of the Navier-Stokes equation and the geometry of the planar domain which guarantee hyperbolicity of the equilibrium, uniqueness of the stationary solution (viz. ergodicity), local almost sure asymptotic stability of the cocycle, and the existence of global invariant foliations of the energy space. AMS Subject Classification: Primary 60H15 Secondary 60F10, 35Q30. 1

Abstract. We consider a stochastic Klein-Gordon wave equation modeling heat flow in a linear field that is coupled to thermal reservoirs at different temperatures. We discuss, in a perturbative context, the approach to a stationary, non-equilibrium state, and show that the state is supported on field configurations which are Hölder continuous, with any exponent less than 1/2. We determine the heat flux to lowest order in perturbation theory. 1.

Recently, a number of authors have investigated the conditions under which a stochastic perturbation acting on an infinite dimensional dynamical system, e.g. a partial differential equation, makes the system ergodic and mixing. In particular, one is interested in finding minimal and physically natural conditions on the nature of the stochastic perturbation. I shall review recent results on this question; in particular, I shall discuss the Navier-Stokes equation on a two dimensional torus with a random force which is white noise in time, and excites only a finite number of modes. The number of excited modes depends on the viscosity ν, and grows like ν −3 when ν goes to zero. This Markov process has a unique invariant measure and is exponentially mixing in time. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 35Q30, 60H15. Keywords and Phrases: Navier-Stokes equations with random perturbations, Markov approximations, Statistical mechanics of one-dimensional systems. 1.

degenerate stochastic forcing

Asymptotic coupling and a weak form of Harris ’ theorem with applications to stochastic delay equations