In this paper we study applicative theories of operations and numbers with (and without) the non-constructive minimum operator in the context of a total application operation. We determine the proof-theoretic strength of such theories by relating them to well-known systems like Peano Arithmetic PA and the system (\Pi 0 1 -CA) !"0 of second order arithmetic. Essential use will be made of so-called fixed-point theories with ordinals, certain infinitary term models and Church Rosser properties.

In this article we introduce systems for metapredicative Mahlo in explicit mathematics and admissible set theory. The exact upper prooftheoretic bounds of these systems are established. 1 Introduction In classical set theory an ordinal # is called a Mahlo ordinal if it is a regular cardinal and if, for every normal function f from # to #, there exists a regular cardinal less than # so that {f(#) : # < } # . The statement that there exists a Mahlo ordinal is a powerful set existence axiom going beyond theories like ZFC. It also outgrows the existence of inaccessible cardinals, hyper inaccessibles, hyperhyperinaccessible and the like. There is also an obvious recursive analogue of Mahlo ordinal. Typically, an ordinal # is baptized recursively Mahlo, if it is admissible and reflects every # 2 sentence on a smaller admissible ordinal. The corresponding formal theory KPM has been proof-theoretically analyzed by Rathjen [14, 15]. KPM is a highly impredicative theory, and its proof-the...

In this paper we discuss extensions of Feferman's theory T_0 for explicit mathematics by the so-called limit and Mahlo axioms and present a novel approach to constructing natural recusion-theoretic models for (fairly strong) systems of explicit mathematics which is based on nonmonotone inductive definitions.

Applicative theories form the basis of Feferman's systems of explicit mathematics, which have been introduced in the early seventies. In an applicative universe, all individuals may be thought of as operations, which can freely be applied to each other: self-application is meaningful, but not necessarily total. It has turned out that theories with self-application provide a natural setting for studying notions of abstract computability, especially from a proof-theoretic perspective.

In this paper we develop mathematically strong systems of analysis in higher types which, nevertheless, are proof-theoretically weak, i.e. conservative over elementary resp. primitive recursive arithmetic. These systems are based on non-collapsing hierarchies ( n -WKL+ ; n -WKL+ ) of principles which generalize (and for n = 0 coincide with) the so-called `weak' Konig's lemma WKL (which has been studied extensively in the context of second order arithmetic) to logically more complex tree predicates. Whereas the second order context used in the program of reverse mathematics requires an encoding of higher analytical concepts like continuous functions F : X ! Y between Polish spaces X;Y , the more exible language of our systems allows to treat such objects directly. This is of relevance as the encoding of F used in reverse mathematics tacitly yields a constructively enriched notion of continuous functions which e.g. for F : IN ! IN can be seen (in our higher order context) Basic Research in Computer Science, Centre of the Danish National Research Foundation.

This paper deals with: (i) the theory ID # 1 which results from c ID 1 by restricting induction on the natural numbers to formulas which are positive in the fixed point constants, (ii) the theory BON() plus various forms of positive induction, and (iii) a subtheory of Peano arithmetic with ordinals in which induction on the natural numbers is restricted to formulas which are \Sigma in the ordinals. We show that these systems have proof-theoretic strength '!0.

This paper deals with universes in explicit mathematics. After introducing some basic definitions, the limit axiom and possible ordering principles for universes are discussed. Later, we turn to least universes, strictness and name induction. Special emphasis is put on theories for explicit mathematics with universes which are proof-theoretically equivalent to Feferman's T 0 . 1 Introduction In some form or another, universes play an important role in many systems of set theory and higher order arithmetic, in various formalizations of constructive mathematics and in logics for computation. One aspect of universes is that they expand the set or type formation principles in a natural and perspicuous way and provide greater expressive power and proof-theoretic strength. The general idea behind universes is quite simple: suppose that we are given a formal system Th comprising certain set (or type) existence principles which are justified on specific philosophical grounds. Then it may be a...

In this paper we study (self-)applicative theories of operations and binary words in the context of polynomial time computability. We propose a first order theory PTO which allows full self-application and whose provably total functions on W = f0; 1g are exactly the polynomial time computable functions.

In this article we provide wellordering proofs for metapredicative systems of explicit mathematics and admissible set theory featuring suitable axioms about the Mahloness of the underlying universe of discourse. In particular, it is shown that in the corresponding theories EMA of explicit mathematics and KPm 0 of admissible set theory, transfinite induction along initial segments of the ordinal ##00, for # being a ternary Veblen function, is derivable. This reveals that the upper bounds given for these two systems in the paper Jager and Strahm [11] are indeed sharp. 1 Introduction This paper is a companion to the article Jager and Strahm [11], where systems of explicit mathematics and admissible set theory for metapredicative Mahlo are introduced. Whereas the main concern of [11] was to establish proof-theoretic upper bounds for these systems, in this article we provide the corresponding wellordering proofs, thus showing that the upper bounds derived in [11] are sharp. The central...

This paper is about two topics: 1. systems of explicit mathematics with universes and a non-constructive quantification operator ¯; 2. iterated fixed point theories with ordinals. We give a proof-theoretic treatment of both families of theories; in particular, ordinal theories are used to get upper bounds for explicit theories with finitely many universes. 1 Introduction The two major frameworks for explicit mathematics that were introduced in Feferman [4, 5] are the theories T 0 and T 1 . T 1 results from T 0 by strengthening the applicative axioms by the so-called non-constructive ¯ operator. Although highly non-constructive, ¯ is predicatively acceptable and makes quantification over the natural numbers explicit. While the proof theory of T 0 is well-known since the early eighties (cf. Feferman [4, 5], Feferman and Sieg [10], Jager [14], Jager and Pohlers [17]), the corresponding investigations of subystems of T 1 have been completed only recently by Feferman and Jager [9, 8] and G...