The authors draw together the results of a series of detailed computational studies and show how they are contributing to the development of a theory of hippocampal function. A new part of the theory introduced here is a quantitative analysis of how backprojections from the hippocampus to the neocortex could lead to the recall of recent memories. The theory is then compared with other theories of hippocampal function. First, what is computed by the hippocampus is considered. The hypothesis the authors advocate, on the basis of the effects of damage to the hippocampus and neuronal activity recorded in it, is that it is involved in the formation of new memories by acting as an intermediate-term buffer store for information about episodes, particularly for spatial, but probably also for some nonspatial, information. The authors analyze how the hippocampus could perform this function, by producing a computational theory of how it operates, based on neuroanatomical and neurophysiological information about the different neuronal systems con-tained within the hippocampus. Key hypotheses are that the CA3 pyramidal cells operate as a single autoassociation network to store new episodic information as it arrives via a number of specialized preprocessing stages from many association areas of the cerebral cortex, and that the dentate

this paper. The cortex on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe includes area 13 caudally and area 14 medially, and the cortex on the inferior convexity includes area 12 caudally and area 11 anteriorly (Fig. 1) (Carmichael and Price, 1994; Petrides and Pandya, 1994; Price et al., 1996). This brain region is well developed in primates, including humans, but poorly developed in rodents, with homologies to areas found in primates uncertain, so that care must be used in interpretation of the term `orbitofrontal ' when applied to rodents (Uylings and van Eden, 1990). To understand the function of this brain region in humans, the majority of the studies described were therefore performed with macaques or with humans

this paper indicate that the coordinates of the object in space that is to be the target for action are passed to the motor system by virtue of the facts that the object represented in the inferior temporal cortex in complex scenes is at the fovea and that the dorsal visual system that executes the actions has information about eye gaze position (cf. Ballard, 1991; Rolls and Deco, 2002)

this paper we compare brain activations to pleasant, painful and neutral stimuli, to illuminate which parts of the brain represent affective aspects of touch

Abstract—To investigate the role of the primate amygdala in stimulus-reinforcement association learning, the activity of single amygdala neurons was recorded in macaques during two memory tasks. In a visual discrimination task, a population of neurons (17/659) was analyzed which responded differentially to a visual stimulus which always indicated that the primary reinforcer fruit juice could be obtain if the monkey licked, and a different visual stimulus that indicated that the primary reinforcer aversive saline would be obtained if the monkey licked. Most (16/17) of these neurons responded more to the reward-related than the aversive visual stimulus. In a recognition memory task, the majority (12/14 analyzed) of these neurons responded equally well to the trial unique stimuli when they were shown as novel and the monkey had to not lick in order to avoid saline, and when they were shown