this paper, so we leave them out here. Thus we can apply the idea of combining things via colimits to institutions themselves, with the special point that we have to take limits here instead of colimits. Taking limits in CAT results in categories of "amalgamated objects", i. e. we put signatures and models together at the level of single objects. In contrast to this, sentences are combined with colimits in Set (due to the contravariant direction of the sentence component). That is, sets of sentences are combined. To show how this works, we introduce some well-known institutions and morphisms between them.

. The paper addresses important problems of building complex logical systems and their representations in universal logics in a systematic way. We adopt the model-theoretic view of logic as captured in the notions of institution and of parchment (an algebraic way of presenting institutions). We propose a new, modified notion of parchment together with parchment morphisms and representations. In contrast to the original parchment definition and our earlier work, in model-theoretic parchments introduced here the universal semantic structure is distributed over individual signatures and models. We lift formal properties of the categories of institutions and their representations to this level: the category of model-theoretic parchments is complete, and their representations may be put together using categorical limits as well. However, model-theoretic parchments provide a more adequate framework for systematic combination of logical systems than institutions. We indicate how the necessar...

The purpose of a logical framework such as LF is to provide a language for defining logical systems suitable for use in a logic-independent proof development environment. All inferential activity in an object logic (in particular, proof search) is to be conducted in the logical framework via the representation of that logic in the framework. An important tool for controlling search in an object logic, the need for which is motivated by the difficulty of reasoning about large and complex systems, is the use of structured theory presentations. In this paper a rudimentary language of structured theory presentations is presented, and the use of this structure in proof search for an arbitrary object logic is explored. The behaviour of structured theory presentations under representation in a logical framework is studied, focusing on the problem of "lifting" presentations from the object logic to the metalogic of the framework. The topic of imposing structure on logic presentations...

Abstract. Computational systems are often represented by means of Kripke structures, and related using simulations. We propose rewriting logic as a flexible and executable framework in which to formally specify these mathematical models, and introduce a particular and elegant way of representing simulations in it: theoroidal maps. A categorical viewpoint is very natural in the study of these structures and we show how to organize Kripke structures in categories that afterwards are lifted to the rewriting logic’s level. We illustrate the use of theoroidal maps with two applications: predicate abstraction and the study of fairness constraints. 1

The concept of fibring is extended to higher-order logics with arbitrary modalities and binding operators. A general completeness theorem is established for such logics including HOL and with the meta-theorem of deduction. As a corollary, completeness is shown to be preserved when fibring such rich logics. This result is extended to weaker logics in the cases where fibring preserves conservativeness of HOL-enrichments. Soundness is shown to be preserved by fibring without any further assumptions.

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. The paper introduces a notion of a context institution. The notion is explicitly illustrated by two standard examples. Morphism between context institutions are introduced, thus yielding a category of context institutions. Some expected constructions on context institutions are presented as functors from this category. The potential usefulness of these notions is illustrated by one such a construction, yielding a Hoare logic for an arbitrary small context institution satisfying mild extra assumptions. 1 Introduction The theory of institutions ([4], [6]) has proved its usefulness in the area of foundations of software specification and development. The model-theoretic view of logical systems advocated in the theory of institutions captures very well the idea that in computer science applications of logic what we are really interested in are models. We always try to specify (logical) properties of concrete objects--- standard examples can be programs, database management systems or ...

generalizes the common situation when truth-values are ordered, we require a whole Tarskian closure operation as in [2]. In the sequel, AlgSig denotes the category of algebraic many sorted signatures with a distinguished sort (for formulae) and morphisms preserving it. Given such a signature hS; Oi, we denote by Alg(hS; Oi) the category of hS; Oi- algebras, and by cAlg(hS; Oi) the class of all pairs hA; i with A 2 jAlg(hS; Oi)j and a closure operation on A . Denition 1. A layered parchment is a tuple P = hSig; L; Mi where: { Sig is a category (of abstract<F13

. The concept of "institution" [GB84, GB92] has been proven to be appropriate to describe and classify a wide range of specification formalisms or logical systems respectively. But considering the relations between logical systems we are faced with many different kinds of relevant examples leading to an inflation of definitions of maps between institutions [Cer93, CM93, KM93, Mes89, SS92]. The present paper is devoted to overcome this divergence of definitions. Using the results in [TBG91] we analyze the concepts "institution" and "entailment system" [Mes89]. As a result we propose the concepts "institutional frame" and "institutional map" providing a new perspective on logical systems. Thereby we describe logical systems on the conceptual level of signatures, specifications, and subcategories of models respectively. Finally we sketch how the introduced concepts can provide new insights into the nature of examples discussed in the literature. 1 Introduction The present paper has its ...

this paper, we will describe the main techniques for the semantic definition of some of the most used structuring and modular constructs. Our main aim will be to study the generic, "institutionindependent ", version of each construct. However, in order to provide intuition, in most cases, we will first study these constructions in connection to equational logic.