Privacy is the most often-cited criticism of ubiquitous computing, and may be the greatest barrier to its long-term success. However, developers currently have little support in designing software architectures and in creating interactions that are effective in helping end-users manage their privacy. To address this problem, we present Confab, a toolkit for facilitating the development of privacy-sensitive ubiquitous computing applications. The requirements for Confab were gathered through an analysis of privacy needs for both end-users and application developers. Confab provides basic support for building ubiquitous computing applications, providing a framework as well as several customizable privacy mechanisms. Confab also comes with extensions for managing location privacy. Combined, these features allow application developers and end-users to support a spectrum of trust levels and privacy needs.

CGA shape, a novel shape grammar for the procedural modeling of CG architecture, produces building shells with high visual quality and geometric detail. It produces extensive architectural models for computer games and movies, at low cost. Context sensitive shape rules allow the user to specify interactions between the entities of the hierarchical shape descriptions. Selected examples demonstrate solutions to previously unsolved modeling problems, especially to consistent mass modeling with volumetric shapes of arbitrary orientation. CGA shape is shown to efficiently generate massive urban models with unprecedented level of detail, with the virtual rebuilding of the archaeological site of Pompeii as a case in point.

This paper proposes a systematic treatment of NFRs in descriptions of patterns and when applying patterns during design. The approach organizes, analyzes and refines non-functional requirements, and provides guidance and reasoning support when applying patterns during the design of a software system. Three design patterns taken from the literature are used to illustrate this approach. 1. Introduction Requirements Engineering is now widely recognized as a crucial part of software engineering, and has established itself as a distinct research area. Equally important is how requirements drive the rest of software development. In particular, during the design phase, much of the quality aspects of a system are determined. Systems qualities are often expressed as non-functional requirements, also called quality attributes e.g. [1,2]. These are requirements such as reliability, usability, maintainability, cost, development time, and are crucial for system success

Recent developments in information technology have brought about important changes in distributed computing. New environments have emerged such as massively large-scale wide area computer networks and mobile ad hoc networks. These new environments are extremely dynamic, unreliable and often large-scale. Traditional approaches to designing distributed applications based on central control, small scale or strict reliability assumptions are not suitable for exploiting the enormous potential of these environments. Based on the observation that living organisms efficiently organize a large number of unreliable and dynamically changing components (cells, molecules, individuals of a population, etc) it has long been an interesting area of research to try to figure out what are the key ideas that make biological systems work and to apply these ideas in distributed systems engineering. In this paper we propose a conceptual framework that captures a few basic biological processes such as plain diffusion, reaction-diffusion, proliferation, etc. We show through examples how to implement practically relevant functions based on these ideas. Using a common evaluation methodology, we show that these applications have state-of-the-art effectivity and performance while they inherit some nice properties of biological systems, such as adaptivity and robustness to failure.

CORE ...........................................................................................................................204 Deep Models .......................................................................................................................................205 Refactoring and Distillation ................................................................................................................205 17. Large-Scale Structure.................................................................................................................206 EVOLVING ORDER .........................................................................................................................208 SYSTEM METAPHOR [BECK 2000] .................................................................................................209 PLUGGABLE COMPONENTS.............................................................................................................210 ABSTRACT DOMAIN FRAMEWORK .................................................................................................212 RESPONSIBILITY LAYERS...............................................................................................................212 Large-Scale Structure, Unification Contexts, and Distillation ............................................................223 Refactoring Toward a Fitting Structure...............................................................................................225 Architecture, Architecture Teams, and Large-Scale Structure ............................................................227 18. Game Plans ..................................................................................................................................230 Looking Forward.....

This paper presents a new method for the automatic modeling of architecture. Building designs are derived using split grammars, a new type of parametric set grammar based on the concept of shape. The paper also introduces an attribute matching system and a separate control grammar, which offer the ßexibility required to model buildings using a large variety of different styles and design ideas. Through the adaptive nature of the design grammar used, the created building designs can either be generic or adhere closely to a speciÞed goal, depending on the amount of data available.

The Workflow Patterns Initiative was established with the aim of delineating the fundamental requirements that arise during business process modelling on a recurring basis and describe them in an imperative way. The first deliverable of this research project was a set of twenty patterns describing the control-flow perspective of workflow systems. Since their release, these patterns have been widely used by practitioners, vendors and academics alike in the selection, design and development of workflow systems [vdAtHKB03]. This paper presents the first systematic review of the original twenty control-flow patterns and provides a formal description of each of them in the form of a Coloured Petri-Net (CPN) model. It also identifies twenty three new patterns relevant to the control-flow perspective. Detailed context conditions and evaluation criteria are presented for each pattern and their implementation is assessed in fourteen commercial offerings including workflow and case handling systems, business process modelling formalisms and business process execution languages. 1

Researchers have explored the design of ambient information systems across a wide range of physical and screen-based media. This work has yielded rich examples of design approaches to the problem of presenting information about a user’s world in a way that is not distracting, but is aesthetically pleasing, and tangible to varying degrees. Despite these successes, accumulating theoretical and craft knowledge has been stymied by the lack of a unified vocabulary to describe these systems and a consequent lack of a framework for understanding their design attributes. We argue that this area would significantly benefit from consensus about the design space of ambient information systems and the design attributes that define and distinguish existing approaches. We present a definition of ambient information systems and a taxonomy across four design dimensions: Information Capacity, Notification Level, Representational Fidelity, and Aesthetic Emphasis. Our analysis has uncovered four patterns of system design and points to unexplored regions of the design space, which may motivate future work in the field.

Workflow systems seek to provide an implementation vehicle for complex, recurring business processes. Notwithstanding this common objective, there are a variety of distinct features offered by commercial workflow management systems. These differences result in significant variations in the ability of distinct tools to represent and implement the plethora of requirements that may arise in contemporary business processes. Many of these requirements recur quite frequently during the requirements analysis activity for workflow systems and abstractions of these requirements serve as a useful means of identifying the key components of workflow languages. Previous work has identified a number of workflow control patterns which characterise the range of control flow constructs that might be encountered when modelling and analysing workflow. In this paper, we describe a series of workflow data patterns that aim to capture the various ways in which data is represented and utilised in workflows. By delineating these patterns in a form that is independent of specific workflow technologies and modelling languages, we are able to provide a comprehensive treatment of the workflow data perspective and we subsequently use these patterns as the basis for a detailed comparison of a number of commercially available workflow management systems and business process modelling languages.

Abstract. Location is a primary cue in many context-aware computing systems, and is often represented as a global coordinate, room number, or a set of Euclidean distances to various landmarks. A user’s concept of location, however, is often defined in terms of regions in which similar activities occur. We discuss the concept of such regions, which we call activity zones, and suggest that such zones can be used to trigger application actions, retrieve information based on previous context, and present information to users. We show how to semi-automatically partition a space into activity zones based on patterns of observed user location and motion. We describe our system and two implemented example applications whose behavior is controlled by users ’ entry, exit, and presence in the zones. 1