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19
Deliberative Normative Agents: Principles and Architecture
, 1999
"... In this paper norms are assumed to be useful in agent societies. It is claimed that not only following norms, but also the possibility of `intelligent' norm violation can be useful. Principles for agents that are able to behave deliberatively on the basis of explicitly represented norms are ide ..."
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Cited by 86 (14 self)
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In this paper norms are assumed to be useful in agent societies. It is claimed that not only following norms, but also the possibility of `intelligent' norm violation can be useful. Principles for agents that are able to behave deliberatively on the basis of explicitly represented norms are identified and an architecture is introduced. Using this agent architecture, norms can be communicated, adopted and used as meta-goals on the agent's own processes. As such they have impact on deliberation about goal generation, goal selection, plan generation and plan selection.
Deliberate Normative Agents: Principles and Architecture
, 1999
"... . In this paper norms are assumed to be useful in agent societies. It is claimed that not only following norms, but also the possibility of `intelligent' norm violation can be useful. Principles for agents that are able to behave deliberately on the basis of explicitly represented norms are ide ..."
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Cited by 56 (9 self)
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. In this paper norms are assumed to be useful in agent societies. It is claimed that not only following norms, but also the possibility of `intelligent' norm violation can be useful. Principles for agents that are able to behave deliberately on the basis of explicitly represented norms are identified and an architecture is introduced. Using this agent architecture, norms can be communicated, adopted and used as meta-goals on the agent's own processes. As such they have impact on deliberation about goal generation, goal selection, plan generation and plan selection. 1 Introduction Besides autonomy, an important characteristic of agents is that they can react to a changing environment. However, if the protocols that they use to react to (at least some part of) the environment are fixed, they have no ways to respond to impredictable changes. For instance, if an agent notices that another agent is cheating it cannot switch to another protocol to protect itself. (At least this is ...
Evolution of the GPGP/TAEMS domain-independent coordination framework. Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems
"... ABSTRACT: The GPGP/TAEMS domain-independent coordination framework for small agent groups was first described almost ten years ago and then more fully detailed in an ICMAS95 paper. In this paper, we discuss the evolution of this framework over the last six years motivated by its use in a number of ..."
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Cited by 37 (2 self)
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ABSTRACT: The GPGP/TAEMS domain-independent coordination framework for small agent groups was first described almost ten years ago and then more fully detailed in an ICMAS95 paper. In this paper, we discuss the evolution of this framework over the last six years motivated by its use in a number of applications, including: information gathering and management, intelligent home automation, coordination of concurrent engineering activities, distributed situation assessment, and hospital scheduling. First, we review the basic architecture of GPGP and then present extensions to the TAEMS domainindependent representation of agent activities. We next describe extensions to GPGP that permit the representation of situation-specific coordination strategies and social laws as well as making possible the use of GPGP in large agent organizations. Additionally, we discuss a more complex view of commitments that takes into account uncertainty i n commitments. We then present new coordination mechanisms for use in resource sharing and contracting, and more complex coordination mechanisms that use a cooperative search among agents to find appropriate commitments. We conclude with a discussion of future research directions.
Design-to-Criteria Scheduling: Real-Time Agent Control
- Infrastructure for Agents, Multi-Agent Systems, and Scalable Multi-Agent Systems, LNCS
, 2000
"... Design-to-Criteria builds custom schedules for agents that meet hard temporal constraints, hard resource constraints, and soft constraints stemming from soft task interactions or soft commitments made with other agents. Design-to-Criteria is designed specifically for online application -- it cop ..."
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Cited by 34 (17 self)
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Design-to-Criteria builds custom schedules for agents that meet hard temporal constraints, hard resource constraints, and soft constraints stemming from soft task interactions or soft commitments made with other agents. Design-to-Criteria is designed specifically for online application -- it copes with exponential combinatorics to produce these custom schedules in a resource bounded fashion. This enables agents to respond to changes in problem solving or the environment as they arise. Introduction Complex autonomous agents operating in open, dynamic environments must be able to address deadlines and resource limitations in their problem solving. This is partly due to characteristics of the environment, and partly due to the complexity of the applications typically handled by software agents in our research. In open environments, requests for service can arrive at the local agent at any time, thus making it difficult to fully plan or predict the agent's future workload. In dyn...
Intention reconciliation by collaborative agents, in
- Proc. Fourth International Conference on Multiagent Systems, Los Alamitos, CA
"... Research on resource-bounded agents has established that rational agents need to be able to revise their commitments in the light of new opportunities. In the context of collaborative activities, rational agents must be able to reconcile their intentions to do team-related actions with other, confli ..."
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Cited by 17 (4 self)
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Research on resource-bounded agents has established that rational agents need to be able to revise their commitments in the light of new opportunities. In the context of collaborative activities, rational agents must be able to reconcile their intentions to do team-related actions with other, conflicting intentions. The SPIRE experimental system allows the process of intention reconciliation in team contexts to be simulated and studied. Prior work with SPIRE examined the effect of team norms, environmental factors, and agent utility functions on individual and group outcomes for homogeneous groups of agents. This paper extends these results to situations involving heterogeneous groups in which agents use different utility functions. The paper provides new illustrations of the ways in which SPIRE can reveal unpredicted interactions among the variables involved, and it suggests preliminary principles for designers of collaborative agents. 1
The influence of social norms and social consciousness on intention reconciliation
- Artif. Intell
"... (Article begins on next page) The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Grosz, Barbara J., Sarit Kraus, David G. Sullivan, and SanmayDas. 2002. The influence of social norms and social consciousness on intent ..."
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Cited by 13 (6 self)
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(Article begins on next page) The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Grosz, Barbara J., Sarit Kraus, David G. Sullivan, and SanmayDas. 2002. The influence of social norms and social consciousness on intention reconciliation. Artificial Intelligence 14(2): 147-177. Published Version doi:10.1016/S0004-3702(02)00274-6
Investigating Interactions Between Agent Conversations and Agent Control Components
- In Agents 99 Workshop on Conversation Policies
, 2000
"... Abstract. Exploring agent conversation in the context of fine-grained agent coordination research has raised several intellectual questions. The major issues pertain to interactions between different agent conversations, the representations chosen for different classes of conversations, the explicit ..."
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Cited by 12 (2 self)
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Abstract. Exploring agent conversation in the context of fine-grained agent coordination research has raised several intellectual questions. The major issues pertain to interactions between different agent conversations, the representations chosen for different classes of conversations, the explicit modeling of interactions between the conversations, and how to address these interactions. This paper is not so ambitious as to attempt to address these questions, only frame them in the context of quantified, scheduling-centric multi-agent coordination research. 1
A Hybrid Model For Sharing Information Between Fuzzy, Uncertain And Default Reasoning Models In Multi-Agent Systems
, 2002
"... This paper develops a hybrid model which provides a unified framework for the fol- lowing four kinds of reasoning: 1) Zadeh's fuzzy approximate reasoning; 2) truthqualification uncertain reasoning with respect to fuzzy propositions; 3) fuzzy default reasoning (proposed, in this paper, as an ..."
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Cited by 12 (3 self)
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This paper develops a hybrid model which provides a unified framework for the fol- lowing four kinds of reasoning: 1) Zadeh's fuzzy approximate reasoning; 2) truthqualification uncertain reasoning with respect to fuzzy propositions; 3) fuzzy default reasoning (proposed, in this paper, as an extension of Reiter's default reasoning); and 4) truth-qualification uncertain default reasoning associated with fuzzy statements (developed in this paper to enrich fuzzy default reasoning with uncertain information). Our hybrid model has the following characteristics: 1) basic uncertainty is estimated in terms of words or phrases in natural language and basic propositions are fuzzy; 2) uncertainty, linguistically expressed, can be handled in default reasoning; and 3) the four kinds of rea- soning models mentioned above and their combination models will be the special cases of our hybrid model. Moreover, our model allows the reasoning to be performed in the case in which the information is fuzzy, uncertain and partial. More importantly, the problems of sharing the information among heterogeneous fuzzy, uncertain and default reasoning models can be solved efficiently by using our model. Given this, our framework can be used as a basis for information sharing and exchange in knowledge-based multi-agent systems for practical applications such as automated group negotiations. Actually, to build such a foundation is the motivation of this paper
Modeling Uncertainty and its Implications to Design-to-Criteria Scheduling
- Under review, Special issue of the AI Journal
, 1999
"... Open environments are characterized by their uncertainty and non-determinism. Agents need to adapt their task processing to available resources, deadlines, the goal criteria specified by the clients as well their current problem solving context in order to survive in these environments. If there w ..."
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Cited by 11 (10 self)
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Open environments are characterized by their uncertainty and non-determinism. Agents need to adapt their task processing to available resources, deadlines, the goal criteria specified by the clients as well their current problem solving context in order to survive in these environments. If there were no resource constraints, then an optimal Markov Decision Process based policy would obviously be the best way to make scheduling decisions. However in real agent systems, these scheduling decisions have to be made in real-time making the off-line policy computationally infeasible in open environments. Design-to-Criteria scheduling is the soft real-time process of custom building a schedule to meet dynamic client goal criteria (including real-time deadlines), using a task model that describes alternate ways to achieve tasks and subtasks. Recent advances in Design-to-Criteria include the addition of uncertainty to the TMS computational task models analyzed by the scheduler and the in...
Strengthening Schedules Through Uncertainty Analysis
"... In this paper, we describe an approach to scheduling under uncertainty that achieves scalability through a coupling of deterministic and probabilistic reasoning. Our specific focus is a class of oversubscribed scheduling problems where the goal is to maximize the reward earned by a team of agents in ..."
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Cited by 4 (0 self)
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In this paper, we describe an approach to scheduling under uncertainty that achieves scalability through a coupling of deterministic and probabilistic reasoning. Our specific focus is a class of oversubscribed scheduling problems where the goal is to maximize the reward earned by a team of agents in a distributed execution environment. There is uncertainty in both the duration and outcomes of executed activities. To ensure scalability, our solution approach takes as its starting point an initial deterministic schedule for the agents, computed using expected duration reasoning. This initial agent schedule is probabilistically analyzed to find likely points of failure, and then selectively strengthened based on this analysis. For each scheduled activity, the probability of failing and the impact that failure would have on the schedule’s overall reward are calculated and used to focus schedule strengthening actions. Such actions generally entail fundamental trade-offs; for example, modifications that increase the certainty that a high-reward activity succeeds may decrease the schedule slack available to accommodate uncertainty during execution. We describe a principled approach to handling these trade-offs based on the schedule’s “expected reward, ” using it as a metric to ensure that all schedule modifications are ultimately beneficial. Finally, we present experimental results obtained using a multi-agent simulation environment, which confirm that executing schedules strengthened in this way result in significantly higher rewards than are achieved by executing the corresponding initial schedules. 1
