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NUMERICAL -- REAL -- PHYSICAL -- NON-STATIONARY -- COLLECTIVE TEMPORAL -- RELATIONAL -- EVENT -- Table 1.

People perceive and conceive of activity in terms of discrete events. Here the authors propose a theory according to which the perception of boundaries between events arises from ongoing perceptual processing and regulates attention and memory. Perceptual systems continuously make predictions about what will happen next. When transient errors in predictions arise, an event boundary is perceived. According to the theory, the perception of events depends on both sensory cues and knowledge structures that represent previously learned information about event parts and inferences about actors ’ goals and plans. Neurological and neurophysiological data suggest that representations of events may be implemented by structures in the lateral prefrontal cortex and that perceptual prediction error is calculated and evaluated by a processing pathway, including the anterior cingulate cortex and subcortical neuromodulatory systems.

The neuropsychological substrate of scripts, routines which guide much of human behavior, is unclear. We propose a model of script comprehension characterized by the interaction of semantic knowledge for script content, and executive resources that organize this knowledge into goal directed behavior. We examined these neuropsychological components by asking participants with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (behavioral disorder/dysexecutive syndrome (BDD) and semantic dementia (SD) subtypes), to judge the coherence of four-phrase scripts. The BDD group detected significantly fewer sequencing errors than semantic errors; the AD and SD groups detected these errors with equal frequency. Independent semantic measures predicted both semantic and sequencing script errors, while executive measures predicted sequencing errors only. Findings support a multi-component model of script comprehension. Keywords: scripts, semantic knowledge, executive functioning, frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer’s disease Several decades ago, cognitive theorists coined the term “script” in reference to a large-scale routine entailing the typical action sequence, objects, role players, and locations associated with familiar

Readers interested in the context of an event covered in the news, such as the announcement of a verdict in a legal trial, can benefit from easily finding out about the overall news situation, the trial, of which the event is a part. Guided by abstract models of news situation types including legal trials, corporate acquisitions, and kidnappings, Brussell supports readers by presenting a storyline for a situation and facts about its participants. It gathers this information by reading news articles about the situation and, in contrast to previous work in event-extraction, topic tracking and news summarization, Brussell is the first research system to extract and aggregate information from multiple news articles describing multiple component events of specific ongoing situations. We find that gathering situation information in this way significantly improves F1-measure performance in extracting the dates of events as more articles are read. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Larry Birnbaum, for his support over the course of researching and documenting this work. He has been a steady source of insight and inspiration, while providing calm reassurance through challenging circumstances. Thanks also to the other