this paper and the prosodic analyses it contains. The order of authors is alphabetical. ToBItranscribed materials can be found at http://www-unix.oit. umass.edu/~cec

Thy work examines th relation between phween structure andth control and coordination of articulationwithW a dynamical systems model ofspeech production. InthI context, we reviewhW speakers modulateth spatiotemporal organization of articulatorygestures as a function ofthWW phWWx. position. We present computational simulations ths capture several important qualitative properties of thyW phyWfl boundaryeffects,such as prosodically-induced local slowing. Th. slowing is generated by dynamical effects on th activation timecourse of articulatory gestures and is controlled by prosodic gestures or p-gestures,wh ch shWk much with th familiar d namical description of constriction gestures. Prosodic gestures,h,yx. r, function at boundaries purel to temporallstretch orshW.` gestural activation trajectories.Th s modulation of th "clock-rate"tht controlsth temporal unfolding of an utterance near junctures issuch thh th clock slows increasingl as th boundar isapproachx and speeds up again asth boundar recedes. Viewing phngy boundaries as warpingth temporal fabric of an utterance represents a promising confluence of th fields of prosod and of speech d namics.

Speakers ’ prosodic marking of syntactic constituency is often measured in sentence reading tasks that lack realistic situational constraints on speaking. Results from such studies can be criticized because the pragmatic goals of readers differ dramatically from those of speakers in typical conversation. On the other hand, recordings of unscripted speech do not readily yield the carefully controlled contrasts required for many research purposes. Our research employs a cooperative game task, in which two speakers use utterances from a predetermined set to negotiate moves around gameboards. Results from a set of early versus late closure ambiguities suggest that speakers signal this syntactic difference with prosody even when the utterance context fully disambiguates the structure. Phonetic and phonological analyses show reliable prosodic disambiguation in speakers ’ productions; results of a comprehension task indicate that listeners can successfully use prosodic cues to categorize syntactically ambiguous fragments as portions of early or late closure utterances.

This paper summarises recent research concerning the relationship between intonation and the syntactic analysis of sentences. After introductory comments on the nature of intonation, we discuss methodological problems in determining the relationship between syntactic and intonational structure, and the potential dangers of basing claims about this relationship on scripted readings rather than on spontaneous speech. We present some of our own speech production data from the SPOT project, and highlight the variability in the intonational realisation of that data. After discussing the broad question of whether correspondences between syntactic and intonation structure are speaker- or listener-oriented, we review experimental data on the role of intonation in sentence comprehension, and finally discuss the position of intonation in the sentence processing mechanism.

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This work examines the relation between phrasal structure and the control and coordination of articulation within a dynamical systems model of speech production. In this context, we review how speakers modulate the spatiotemporal organization of articulatory gestures as a function of their phrasal position. We present computational simulations that capture several important qualitative properties of these phrase boundary effects, such as prosodically-induced local slowing. This slowing is generated by dynamical effects on the activation timecourse of articulatory gestures and is controlled by prosodic gestures or -gestures, which share much with the familiar dynamical description of constriction gestures. Prosodic gestures, however, function at boundaries purely to temporally stretch or shrink gestural activation trajectories. This modulation of the ‘clock-rate’ that controls the temporal unfolding of an utterance near junctures is such that the clock slows increasingly as the boundary is approached and speeds up again as the boundary recedes. Viewing phrase boundaries as warping the temporal fabric of an utterance represents a promising confluence of the fields of prosody and of speech dynamics.

Is it all relative? Effects of prosodic boundaries on the comprehension and production of attachment ambiguities

As one might expect, investigating an interdependent reductionist model of emergent identity varies significantly from investigating a more standard social-science model in terms of the data, tools, and methods required. Most of the innovations required to investigate EID are directed at the challenge of transforming discourse text into the semantic and affective information required for an EID model to run. This chapter summarizes those innovations, and presents an overview of the discourse data used to investigate the research questions analyzed in Chapters Eight through Eleven. The discussion that follows is structured into four sections: a presentation of the data used in the study; two sections each treating one of the methodological innovations used in the present research (Latent Semantic Analysis and Synthetic Affective Interpolation); and a concluding section that sets the stage for the next four chapters by discussing some of the issues involved in validating EID. DATA COLLECTION AND PREPARATION The move from independent to interdependent reductionism has many implications for the structure and development of the EID model, but arguably none is

In this paper, we report on an experiment showing how the introduction of prosodic information from detailed syntactic structures into synthetic speech leads to better disambiguation of structurally ambiguous sentences. Using modifier attachment (MA) ambiguities and subject/object fronting (OF) in German as test cases, we show that prosody which is automatically generated from deep syntactic information provided by an HPSG generator can lead to considerable disambiguation effects, and can even override a strong semantics-driven bias. The architecture used in the experiment, consisting of the LKB generator running a large-scale grammar for German, a syntaxprosody interface module, and the speech synthesis system MARY is shown to be a valuable platform for testing hypotheses in intonation studies.