Interoperability is a crucial issue for electronic government due to the need of agencies ’ information systems to be totally integrated and able to exchange data in a seamless way. A way to achieve it is by establishing a government interoperability framework (GIF). However, this is a difficult task to be carried out due not only to technological issues but also to other aspects. This research is expected to contribute to the identification of the barriers to the adoption of interoperability standards for electronic government. The article presents the preliminary findings from a case study of the Brazilian Government framework (e-PING), based on the analyses of documents and face-to-face interviews. It points out some aspects that may influence the establishment of these standards, becoming barriers to their adoption.

ABSTRACT The Iraqi healthcare services are tussling get possession of lost momentum. Many professional physicians and nurses left Iraq because the current situation there. In spite of the plans of calling back the skilled health workforce but they still afraid of disadvantage of their return. Hence, technology plays a central role to take advantage of their profession through the use of telemedicine. Thus it is the need to study the factors that effects the implementation of telemedicine that covers network services, policy makers and patient understanding. These papers shows the issue that faces the implementation of telemedicine and analyze the literature of previous telemedicine in Middle East countries to find out the essential factors toward building Iraqi telemedicine framework.

Local Government Authorities (LGAs) are information-intensive organisations. To satisfy their information requirements effective information sharing within and among LGAs is necessary (internally among departments and externally with other authorities). The problem of Inter-Organisational Information Sharing (IOIS) has been regarded as inevitable for the public sector. Despite a decade of active research and practice in this complex problem area, the field lacks a comprehensive framework to examine the factors affecting Electronic Information Sharing (EIS) among government bodies at the local level. The research presented in this paper contributes toward resolving this problem by developing a conceptual framework of factors affecting EIS in Governmentto-Government (G2G) collaboration. By presenting this framework, we attempt to clarify that information sharing in LGAs is a combination of environmental, organisational, business process and technological factors and should not be scrutinised from merely a technical perspective. To validate our conceptual findings, a multiple case study based research strategy was adopted. From an analysis of the empirical data collected from two case organisations, this paper exemplifies the importance of these factors in influencing EIS and offering LGA officials with specific advice on how to better interpret EIS and its underlying problems. The paper should be of interest to both academics and practitioners who are interested in IOIS, in general, and collaborative e-Government, in particular.

Abstract—Governments around the world have invested significant sums of money on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of services been provided to their citizens. However, they have not achieved the desired results because of the lack of interoperability between different government entities. Therefore, many governments have started shifting away from the original concept of e-Government towards a much more transformational approach that encompasses the entire relationship between different government departments and users of public services, which can be termed as transformational government (t- Government). In this paper, a model is proposed for governing factors that impact the implementation of t-Government such as strategy, leadership, stakeholders, citizen centricity and funding in the context of Saudi Arabia. Five

Two of the central challenges of e-government are the need for ‘joined-up ’ government through agency collaboration, and the need to provide ‘citizen-centred ’ government, where services and information are integrated at the point of delivery. Electronic service delivery provides the hoped for panacea to enable not only administrative efficiencies in the functions of government, but also services that are centred on the needs of the citizen. The implementation of e-government however, presents challenges regarding the achievement of inter-agency collaboration and highlights the importance of developing multiple access channels. This paper reports from an in-depth case study detailing first, the strategy the Irish government adopted for electronic service delivery and second, provides detailed analysis from the pioneering efforts of an individual county council into agency collaboration and a unique method of service provision. Two survey questionnaires conducted with staff of the county council and citizens of the county, reveal critical success factors in developing inter-agency collaboration and raise important concerns expressed by citizens into data privacy, social inclusion and the digital divide. 1

of ePractice is a digital publication on eTransformation by ePractice.eu a portal created by the European Commission to promote the sharing of good practices in eGovernment, eHealth and eInclusion. Editor-in-Chief

Technology has the potential to influence societies, governments and economies in ways reminiscent of the printing press and more recently the steam engine, railroad and electricity. Consequently various authors wrote extensively about