We give a comprehensive and unifying survey of the theoretical aspects of Temporal and modal logic.

We show that the terminological logic ALC comprising Boolean operations on concepts and value restrictions is a notational variant of the propositional modal logic K (m) . To demonstrate the utility of the correspondence, we give two of its immediate by-products. Namely, we axiomatize ALC and give a simple proof that subsumption in ALC is PSPACE-complete, replacing the original six-page one. Furthermore, we consider an extension of ALC additionally containing both the identity role and the composition, union, transitive-reflexive closure, range restriction, and inverse of roles. It turns out that this language, called T SL, is a notational variant of the propositional dynamic logic converse- PDL. Using this correspondence, we prove that it suffices to consider finite T SL-models, show that T SL-subsumption is decidable, and obtain an axiomatization of T SL. By discovering that features correspond to deterministic programs in dynamic logic, we show that adding them to T SL preserves...

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We investigate extensions of temporal logic by connectives defined by finite automata on infinite words. We consider three different logics, corresponding to three different types of acceptance conditions (finite, looping and repeating) for the automata. It turns out, however, that these logics all have the same expressive power and that their decision problems are all PSPACE-complete. We also investigate connectives defined by alternating automata and show that they do not increase the expressive power of the logic or the complexity of the decision problem. 1 Introduction For many years, logics of programs have been tools for reasoning about the input/output behavior of programs. When dealing with concurrent or nonterminating processes (like operating systems) there is, however, a need to reason about infinite computations. Thus, instead of considering the first and last states of finite computations, we need to consider the infinite sequences of states that the program goes through...

Description logics are a family of knowledge representation formalisms that are descended from semantic networks and frames via the system Kl-one. During the last decade, it has been shown that the important reasoning problems (like subsumption and satisfiability) in a great variety of description logics can be decided using tableau-like algorithms. This is not very surprising since description logics have turned out to be closely related to propositional modal logics and logics of programs (such as propositional dynamic logic), for which tableau procedures have been quite successful. Nevertheless, due to different underlying intuitions and applications, most description logics differ significantly from run-of-the-mill modal and program logics. Consequently, the research on tableau algorithms in description logics led to new techniques and results, which are, however, also of interest for modal logicians. In this article, we will focus on three features that play an important role in description logics (number restrictions, terminological axioms, and role constructors), and show how they can be taken into account by tableau algorithms.

Description Logics (DLs) are a family of knowledge representation formalisms mainly characterised by constructors to build complex concepts and roles from atomic ones. Expressive role constructors are important in many applications, but can be computationally problematical. We present an algorithm that decides satisfiability of the DL ALC extended with transitive and inverse roles and functional restrictions with respect to general concept inclusion axioms and role hierarchies; early experiments indicate that this algorithm is well-suited for implementation. Additionally, we show that ALC extended with just transitive and inverse roles is still in PSpace. We investigate the limits of decidability for this family of DLs, showing that relaxing the constraints placed on the kinds of roles used in number restrictions leads to the undecidability of all inference problems. Finally, we describe a number of optimisation techniques that are crucial in obtaining implementations of the decision procedures, which, despite the hight worst-case complexity of the problem, exhibit good performance with real-life problems. 1

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. This paper presents a prefixed tableaux calculus for Propositional Dynamic Logic with Converse based on a combination of different techniques such as prefixed tableaux for modal logics and model checkers for ¯-calculus. We prove the correctness and completeness of the calculus and illustrate its features. We also discuss the transformation of the tableaux method (naively NEXPTIME) into an EXPTIME algorithm. 1 Introduction Propositional Dynamic Logics (PDLs) are modal logics introduced in [10] to model the evolution of the computation process by describing the properties of states reached by programs during their execution [15, 24, 27]. Over the years, PDLs have been proved to be a valuable formal tool in Computer Science, Logic, Computational Linguistics, and Artificial Intelligence far beyond their original use for program verification (e.g. [4, 12, 14, 15, 24, 23]). In this paper we focus on Converse-PDL (CPDL) [10], obtained from the basic logic PDL by adding the converse operat...

Effective optimisation techniques can make a dramatic difference in the performance of knowledge representation systems based on expressive description logics. With currently-available desktop computers, systems that incorporate these techniques can effectively reason in description logics with intractable inference. Because of the correspondence between description logics and propositional modal logic, difficult problems in propositional modal logic can be effectively solved using the same techniques.