Citation Context

...netic noise. This view is corroborated by plotting transitions and transversions against corrected pairwise divergences, which indicates mutational saturation mainly at the third codon positions. Yet, explorative unpartitioned analyses of cyt b and ND4 sequences placed P. sinuatus as sister to the two southern Pelomedusa lineages, also when then the third codon position was excluded (not shown). Alternatively to saturation, the observed paraphyly could be the result of ancient hybridization with introgression, as recently suggested for North American and Asian terrapins (Actinemys, Emydoidea: Spinks and Shaffer, 2009, but see Wiens et al., 2010; Cuora: Spinks and Shaffer, 2007). It is obvious that future efforts should be undertaken to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of all Pelusios species and Pelomedusa to gain a better understanding of the relation-ineages in the widely distributed African helmeted terrapin: Evidence from ufa). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. (2010), doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.03.019 8 M. Vargas-Ramírez et al. / Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2010) xxx–xxx ARTICLE IN PRESSships and of the evolutionary history of both pelomedusid genera.4.3. Vicariance of the Arabian clade and p...

Citation Context

...Emydoidea. The CRITERIA FOR NAMING & STABILITY IN LINNAEAN CLASSIFICATIONS Zootaxa 3636 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 231concerned species had previously been merged in a single, inclusive genus Emys (=-=Spinks & Shaffer 2009-=-), but the monophyly of such an inclusive Emys was contradicted by a subset of possible gene trees (Wiens et al. 2010) and the respective clade stability thus compromised. A fully resolved phylogeneti...

Citation Context

...netic noise. This view is corroborated by plotting transitions and transversions against corrected pairwise divergences, which indicates mutational saturation mainly at the third codon positions. Yet, explorative unpartitioned analyses of cyt b and ND4 sequences placed P. sinuatus as sister to the two southern Pelomedusa lineages, also when then the third codon position was excluded (not shown). Alternatively to saturation, the observed paraphyly could be the result of ancient hybridization with introgression, as recently suggested for North American and Asian terrapins (Actinemys, Emydoidea: Spinks and Shaffer, 2009, but see Wiens et al., 2010; Cuora: Spinks and Shaffer, 2007). It is obvious that future efforts should be undertaken to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of all Pelusios species and Pelomedusa to gain a better understanding of the relation434 M. Vargas-Ramírez et al. / Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56 (2010) 428–440 Author's personal copy ships and of the evolutionary history of both pelomedusid genera. 4.3. Vicariance of the Arabian clade and possible introduction of Pelomedusa to Madagascar While the pronounced mitochondrial divergence of the Arabian clade VII and the Somali c...

Citation Context

...are indicated by circled C. P + Q = Pliocene + Quaternary. J.B. Iverson et al. / Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69 (2013) 929–939 9334. Discussion 4.1. Taxonomic implications Our analysis confirmed the monophyly of the two previously recognized clades within the family Kinosternidae, one including the genera Staurotypus and Claudius, and the other including Sternotherus and Kinosternon. The fossil record dates the divergence of these two clades at P54 mya (see Section 2.3). Given (1) that the other North American turtle subfamilies date from only 34 mya (emydids) to 52 mya (geoemydids; Spinks and Shaffer, 2009), (2) that other speciose cryptodiran turtle families date from ca. 52 to 70 mya (Testudinidae and Geoemydidae), 60– 90 mya (Emydidae), and 100–129 mya (Trionychidae) (Lourenço et al., 2012; Spinks and Shaffer, 2009; Wang et al., 2012), and (3) that the two subfamilies Staurotypinae and Kinosterninae are unambiguously distinct morphologically (Hutchison, 1991) and in their sex-determining mechanisms (Fig. 1; Ewert et al., 2004), we follow Bickham and Carr (1983; among others) in recognizing these two clades as separate families (Staurotypidae and Kinosternidae; Table 3). Our analysis also reso...

Citation Context

...orbicularis shown as polytomy). 44 · Zootaxa 2791 © 2011 Magnolia Press FRITZ ET AL.Later molecular studies using other mitochondrial genes and nuclear loci (Lenk et al. 1999; Feldman & Parham 2002; =-=Spinks & Shaffer 2009-=-; Wiens et al. 2010) corroborated the paraphyly of Clemmys. In the course of a phylogeographic study of Emys orbicularis based on cyt b sequences and using all other emydine genera as outgroups, Lenk ...