We present the linear type theory LLF as the forAppeared in the proceedings of the Eleventh Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science --- LICS'96 (E. Clarke editor), pp. 264--275, New Brunswick, NJ, July 27--30 1996. mal basis for a conservative extension of the LF logical framework. LLF combines the expressive power of dependent types with linear logic to permit the natural and concise representation of a whole new class of deductive systems, namely those dealing with state. As an example we encode a version of Mini-ML with references including its type system, its operational semantics, and a proof of type preservation. Another example is the encoding of a sequent calculus for classical linear logic and its cut elimination theorem. LLF can also be given an operational interpretation as a logic programming language under which the representations above can be used for type inference, evaluation and cut-elimination. 1 Introduction A logical framework is a formal system desig...

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This paper is concerned with the model for security of cryptographic protocols suggested by Dolev and Yao. The Dolev and Yao model deals with a restricted class of protocols, known as Two-Party Ping-Pong Protocols. In such a protocol, messages are exchanged in a memoryless manner. That is, the message sent by each party results from applying a predetermined operator to the message he has received. The Dolev and Yao model is presented, generalized in various directions and the affect of these generalizations is extensively studied. First, the model is trivially generalized to deal with multi-party ping-pong protocols. However, the problems which arise from this generalization are very far from being trivial. In particular, it is no longer clear how many saboteurs (adversaries) should be considered when testing the security of p-party ping-pong protocols. We demonstrate an upper bound of 3(p \Gamma 2) + 2 and a lower bound of 3(p \Gamma 2) + 1 on this number. Thus, for every fixed p, th...

We give a detailed, informal proof of the Church-Rosser property for the untyped lambda-calculus and show its representation in LF. The proof is due to Tait and Martin-Löf and is based on the notion of parallel reduction. The representation employs higher-order abstract syntax and the judgments-as-types principle and takes advantage of term reconstruction as it is provided in the Elf implementation of LF. Proofs of meta-theorems are represented as higher-level judgments which relate sequences of reductions and conversions.

The fragment assembly problem is that of reconstructing a DNA sequence from a collection of randomly sampled fragments. Traditionally the objective of this problem has been to produce the shortest string that contains all the fragments as substrings, but in the case of repetitive target sequences this objective produces answers that are overcompressed. In this paper, the problem is reformulated as one of finding a maximum-likelihood reconstruction with respect to the 2-sided Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic, and it is argued that this is a better formulation of the problem. Next the fragment assembly problem is recast in graph-theoretic terms as one of finding a non-cyclic subgraph with certain properties and the objectives of being shortest or maximally-likely are also recast in this framework. Finally, a series of graph reduction transformations are given that dramatically reduce the size of the graph to be explored in practical instances of the problem. This reduction is ...

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We consider reductions in Orthogonal Expression Reduction Systems (OERS), that is, Orthogonal Term Rewriting Systems with bound variables and substitutions, as in the -calculus. We design a strategy that for any given term t constructs a longest reduction starting from t if t is strongly normalizable, and constructs an infinite reduction otherwise. The Conservation Theorem for OERSs follows easily from the properties of the strategy. We develop a method for computing the length of a longest reduction starting from a strongly normalizable term. We study properties of pure substitutions and several kinds of similarity of redexes. We apply these results to construct an algorithm for computing lengths of longest reductions in strongly persistent OERSs that does not require actual transformation of the input term. As a corollary, we have an algorithm for computing lengths of longest developments in OERSs. 1 Introduction A strategy is perpetual if, given a term t, it constructs an infinit...

This paper will appear in the proceedings of the 10th international conference on rewriting techniques and applications (RTA'99). c flSpringer Verlag.

One of the most important contributions of A. Church to logic is his invention of the lambda calculus. We present the genesis of this theory and its two major areas of application: the representation of computations and the resulting functional programming languages on the one hand and the representation of reasoning and the resulting systems of computer mathematics on the other hand. Acknowledgement. The following persons provided help in various ways. Erik Barendsen, Jon Barwise, Johan van Benthem, Andreas Blass, Olivier Danvy, Wil Dekkers, Marko van Eekelen, Sol Feferman, Andrzej Filinski, Twan Laan, Jan Kuper, Pierre Lescanne, Hans Mooij, Robert Maron, Rinus Plasmeijer, Randy Pollack, Kristoffer Rose, Richard Shore, Rick Statman and Simon Thompson. Partial support came from the European HCM project Typed lambda calculus (CHRXCT-92-0046), the Esprit Working Group Types (21900) and the Dutch NWO project WINST (612-316-607). 1. Introduction This paper is written to honor Church's gr...

Consider Adam and Eve. Count generations starting from them. Supposing that there will always be people, then it's true that for any generation X, eventually there will be people belonging to the next generation X + 1. In this paper the same result is established for the class of higher order pattern rewriting systems. 1 Introduction Consider a set of structures and a set of transformations on them specifying how a structure may be transformed into another one. Suppose the transformations are of the following form: first a structure is decomposed into substructures, next some substructure is replaced by another one, and finally the substructures are composed into a structure again. (destroy) The parts of the initial structure eliminated in the course of the transformation (i.e. the parts of the replaced substructure as well as the parts eliminated in the initial decomposition) can be thought of as being destroyed . (create) The parts of the final structure introduced in the cou...