A study of Apparent Motion (AM) of Gamma type is presented which extends previous findings (Geissler, Schebera & Kompass 1999) showing that a temporal parameter (ISI), critical for the perceptual transition AM -> flicker, exhibits discrete timing. The major empirical results, a set of four significant ISI modal values, having integer size ratios 3 : 4 : 6 : 8, and a regularity in the spacing of a larger collection of ISI modal values, support the Taxonomic Model of Quantal Timing by Geissler (1985, 1992). In this model a theoretical upper limit of mental timing in the range R1, which involves the time quantum Q 0 = 4.5 ms directly, is predicted at 145 ms. Critical ISI above this value require a transition to representations based on quantal units which are multiples of Q 0 . The spacing of ISI modes in Gamma AM suggests a permanent transition to the quantum 9 ms. Assigning the same preferences of occurrence to multiples of this value as to multiples of Q 0 in Beta AM (Geissler et al. 1999) disagrees to the empirical observations, however. This raises the question how representations in the neighboring temporal ranges R1, based on Q 0 , and R2, based on 2*Q 0 , interact.

neurocomputation involves discrete signals communicated along fixed transmission lines between discrete computational elements. This concept is shown to be inadequate to account for invariance in recognition, as well as for the holistic global aspects of perception identified by Gestalt theory. A Harmonic Resonance theory is presented as an alternative paradigm of neurocomputation, that exhibits both the property of invariance, and the emergent Gestalt properties of perception, not as special mechanisms contrived to achieve those properties, but as natural properties of the resonance itself.

We propose a quantum-like (QL) model of the functioning of the brain. It should be sharply distinguished from the reductionist quantum model. By the latter cognition is created by physical quantum processes in the brain. The crucial point of our modelling is that discovery of the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics (QM) was in fact discovery of a very general formalism describing consistent processing of incomplete information about contexts (physical, mental, economic, social). The brain is an advanced device which developed the ability to create a QL representation of contexts. Therefore its functioning can also be described by the mathematical formalism of QM. The possibility of such a description has nothing to do with composing of the brain of quantum systems (photons, electrons, protons,...). Moreover, we shall propose a model in that the QL representation is based on conventional neurophysiological model of the functioning of the brain. The brain uses the QL rule (given by von Neumann trace formula) for calculation of approximative averages for mental functions, but the physical basis of mental functions is given by neural networks in the brain. The QL representation has a temporal basis. Any cognitive process is based on (at least) two time scales: 1 subcognitive time scale (which is very fine) and cognitive time scale (which is essentially coarser). 1