In a total order of the vertices of a graph, two edges with no endpoint in common can be crossing, nested, or disjoint. A k-stack (resp...

We consider graph drawings in which vertices are assigned to layers and edges are drawn as straight line-segments between vertices on adjacent layers. We prove that graphs admitting crossing-free h-layer drawings (for fixed h) have bounded pathwidth. We then use a path decomposition as the basis for a linear-time algorithm to decide if a graph has a crossing-free h-layer drawing (for fixed h). This algorithm is extended to solve a large number of related problems, including allowing at most k crossings, or removing at most r edges to leave a crossing-free drawing (for fixed k or r). If the number of crossings or deleted edges is a non-fixed parameter then these problems are NP-complete. For each setting, we can also permit downward drawings of directed graphs and drawings in which edges may span multiple layers, in which case the total span or the maximum span of edges can be minimized. In contrast to the so-called Sugiyama method for layered graph drawing, our algorithms do not assume a preassignment of the vertices to layers.

A level graph G -- (V, E, q) is a directed acyclic graph with a mapping q: V - {1, 2,...,k), k _ 1, that partitions the vertex set V as V-- V10V20 ...V k, vj = q-l(j), Vi [ vj = for i j, such that q(v) _ q(u) + 1 for each edge (u, v) E. The level planarity testing problem is to decide if G can be drawn in the plane such that for each level V i, all v V i are drawn on the line li -- {(x, k - i) ] x ), the edges are drawn monotonically with respect to the vertical direction, and no edges intersect except at their end vertices. In order to

A graph with a given partition of the vertices on k concentric circles is radial level planar if there is a vertex permutation such that the edges can be routed strictly outwards without crossings. Radial level planarity extends level planarity, where the vertices are placed on k horizontal lines and the edges are routed strictly downwards without crossings. The extension is characterised by rings, which are level non-planar biconnected components. Our main results are linear time algorithms for radial level planarity testing and for computing an embedding. We introduce PQR-trees as a new data structure where R-nodes and associated templates for their manipulation are introduced to deal with rings. Our algorithms extend level planarity testing and embedding algorithms which use PQ-trees.

Consider a graph G drawn in the plane so that each vertex lies on a distinct horizontal line ℓj = {(x, j) | x ∈ R}. The bijection φ that maps the set of n vertices V to a set of distinct horizontal lines ℓj forms a labeling of the vertices. Such a graph G with the labeling φ is called an n-level graph and is said to be n-level planar if it can be drawn with straight-line edges and no crossings while keeping each vertex on its own level. In this paper, we consider the class of trees that are n-level planar regardless of their labeling. We call such trees unlabeled level planar (ULP). Our contributions are three-fold. First, we provide a complete characterization of ULP trees in terms of a pair of forbidden subtrees. Second, we show how to draw ULP trees in linear time. Third, we provide a linear time recognition algorithm for ULP trees.

In this paper, we consider the problem of finding a mixed upward planarization of a mixed graph, i.e., a graph with directed and undirected edges. The problem is a generalization of the planarization problem for undirected graphs and is motivated by several applications in graph drawing.

Abstract. We add two minimum level nonplanar (MLNP) patterns for trees to the previous set of tree patterns given by Healy et al. [3]. Neither of these patterns match any of the previous patterns. We show that this new set of patterns completely characterize level planar trees. 1

Abstract. We present the set of planar graphs that always have a simultaneous geometric embedding with a strictly monotonic path on the same set of n vertices, for any of the n! possible mappings. These graphs are equivalent to the set of unlabeled level planar (ULP) graphs that are level planar over all possible labelings. Our contributions are twofold. First, we provide linear time drawing algorithms for ULP graphs. Second, we provide a complete characterization of ULP graphs by showing that any other graph must contain a subgraph homeomorphic to one of seven forbidden graphs. 1

In this paper we develop a characterisation of minimal non-planarity of level graphs. We show that a level minimal non-planar (LMNP) graph is completely characterised by either a tree, a level non-planar cycle or a level planar cycle with certain path augmentations. We discuss the usefulness of these characterisations in the context of an branch-and-cut Integer Linear Programming implementation of the Maximum Level Planar Subgraph (MLPS) problem and conjecture that the inequalities associated with level minimal non-planar subgraphs are facet-defining for the MLPS polytope. 1 Introduction Graph layout by Integer Linear Programming (ILP) has gained remarkable success recently. The method has, generally, the following framework: ffl compute the planar subgraph having the maximum number of edges by ILP; ffl compute the layout of the planar subgraph by an exact polynomial-time algorithm; and, ffl add non-planar edges to the layout. This approach has various advantages compared to other ...

A track graph is a graph with its vertex set partitioned into horizontal levels. It is track planar if there are permutations of the vertices on each level such that all edges can be drawn as weak monotone curves without crossings. The novelty and generalisation over level planar graphs is that horizontal edges connecting consecutive vertices on the same level are allowed. We show that track planarity can be reduced to level planarity in linear time. Hence, there are time algorithms for the track planarity test and for the computation of a track planar embedding.