In dynamic logic families that rely on energy recovery to achieve low energy dissipation, the flow of data through cascaded gates is controlled using multi-phase clocks. Consequently, these families require multiple clock generators and can exhibit increased energy consumption on their clock distribution networks. Moreover, they are not attractive for high-speed design due to clock skew management problems. In this paper, we present TSEL, the first energy-recovering logic family that operates with a single-phase clocking scheme. TSEL outperforms previous energy-recovering logic families in terms of energy efficiency and operating speed. In HSPICE simulations with a standard 0.5¯m technology from MOSIS, pipelined carry-lookahead adders in TSEL function correctly for operating frequencies exceeding 280MHz. For operating frequencies above 80MHz, they dissipate considerably less energy per operation than alternative implementations of the same adder architecture in other energyrecovering l...

Adiabatic circuits offer a promising alternative to conventional circuitry for low energy design. Their operation is nevertheless subject to fundamental energy-speed trade-offs, just like any other physical realization of boolean logic. Thus, adiabatic circuits with very low energy consumption at low frequencies fail to function at high operating frequencies. Conversely, high-speed adiabatic circuits tend to be dissipative at low clock rates. This paper describes SCAL, a single-phase source-coupled adiabatic logic family that operates efficiently across a wide range of operating frequencies. In layout-based simulations with 0.5m CMOS process parameters, pipelined carry-lookahead adders developed in our logic function correctly from 10MHz up to 280MHz. Our SCAL adders are less dissipative than corresponding designs in alternative adiabatic families that remain functional across the same frequency range. Moreover, they are about as dissipative as other adiabatic circuits that are gear...

This paper presents the design and evaluation of an 8-bit adiabatic multiplier. Both the multiplier core and its built-in self-test logic have been designed using a true single-phase adiabatic logic family. Energy is supplied to the adiabatic circuitry via a sinusoidal power-clock waveform that is generated on-chip. In HSPICE simulations with post-layout extracted parasitics, our design functions correctly at clock frequencies exceeding 200 MHz. The total dissipation of the multiplier core and self-test circuitry approaches 130pJ per operation at 200MHz. Our 11,854-transistor chip has been fabricated in a 0.5 m standard CMOS process with an active area of 0.470mm . Correct chip operation has been validated for operating frequencies up to 130MHz, the limit of our experimental setup. Measured dissipation correlates well with HSPICE simulations.

In this paper, we present the design and experimental evaluation of an 8-bit adiabatic multiplier with built-in self-test (BIST) logic and an internal single-phase sinusoidal power-clock generatox Both the multiplier and the BIST have been designed in SCAL-D, a true single-phase adiabatic logic family. In HSPICE simulations with post-layout extracted parasitics, our design functions correctly at frequencies exceeding 200 MHz, with total dissipation for the multiplier and BIST circuitry of 9lpJ per multiplication at IOOMHz. The chip has been fabricated in a 0.5pm standard CMOS process with an active area of 0.47mm2. Correct chip operation has been validated for operating frequencies up to I~OMHZ, the limit of our experimental setup. Measured dissipation correlates well with HSPICE simulations for identical biasing conditions. 1

We recently invented a true single-phase energy-recovering circuit family, called TSEL, that relies on a cross-coupled latch structure and two DC reference voltages to achieve low energy consumption for a broad range of operating frequencies. In this paper, we explore the application of TSEL to the design of low-energy DSP circuits. Specically, we describe and evaluate a 6,768-transistor, pipelined TSEL module that performs the 8-point Hadamard Transform. In layout simulations with a standard 0.5m CMOS technology, our TSEL module functions correctly for operating frequencies in excess of 280MHz. Above 40MHz, our TSEL design is more energy-ecient than any other energy-recovering alternative with a similar cross-coupled latch structure. At 280MHz, it is at least 4 times more energy-ecient than a corresponding static CMOS design. 1: Introduction Energy recovery is a promising approach to the design of extremely low energy VLSI circuits [1, 2, 3, 5, 10]. Energy-recovering (a.k.a. adiab...

Abstract — A resonant adiabatic mixed-signal VLSI array delivers 480 GMACS (10 9 multiply-and-accumulates per second) throughput for every mW of power, a 25-fold improvement over the energy efficiency obtained when resonant clock generator and line drivers are replaced with static CMOS drivers. Losses in resonant clock generation are minimized by activating switches between LC tank and DC supply with a periodic pulse signal, and by minimizing the variability of the capacitive load to maintain resonance. We show that minimum energy is attained for relatively wide pulse width, and that typical load distribution in template-based charge-mode computation implies almost constant capacitive load. The resonantly driven 256×512 array of 3-T chargeconserving multiply-accumulate cells is embedded in a template matching processor for image classification and validated on a face detection task. Index Terms — Adiabatic low-power techniques, resonant clock supply, computational memory, pattern recognition. I.

This paper presents our research results on power-clocked CMOS design. First we provide algebraic expressions and describe properties of clocked signals. Next two types of power-clocked CMOS circuit constructions are introduced and analyzed in detail. Since the adiabatic switching requires slow-ramping of the power-clock, a clocked transmission gate and a four-stage clocked NP-domino circuit are presented, which receive trapezoidal and sinusoidal power-clocks, respectively. PSPICE simulations demonstrate the correct operation and energy-saving advantage of the proposed circuits.

Abstract — Three decades ago, theoretical physicists suggested that the controlled recovery of charges could result in electronic circuitry whose power dissipation approaches thermodynamic limits, growing at a significantly slower pace than the fCV 2 rate for CMOS switching power. Early engineering research in this field, which became generally known as adiabatic computing, focused on the asymptotic energetics of computation, exploring VLSI designs that use reversible logic and adiabatic switching to preserve information and achieve nearly zero power dissipation as operating frequencies approach zero. Recent advances in CMOS VLSI design have taken us to real working chips that rely on controlled charge recovery to operate at substantially lower power dissipation levels than their conventional counterparts. Although their origins can be traced back to the early adiabatic circuits, these so-called energyrecovering systems approach charge recycling from a more practical angle, achieving operating frequencies in the hundreds of MHz with relatively low overhead. Among other energy recovering designs, researchers in the field have demonstrated microcontrollers, standard-cell ASICs, SRAMs, LCD panel drivers, I/O drivers, and multi-GHz clock networks. In this tutorial, we will present an overview of the field, focusing on the most promising charge recovering design techniques for ASICs that are close to integration into the field. I.

In this paper, the efficiency of a fully adiabatic logic circuit is compared with its combinational and pipelined static CMOS counterparts. The performance of each circuit is studied in terms of the maximum frequency of operation, the minimum voltage of operation, the circuit energy consumption, and the switching noise generated by the circuit. An 8-bit carry look-ahead adder is designed using a 0.6- m CMOS technology for all three logic styles. Based on the post-layout simulation results, the adiabatic adder exhibits energy savings of 76% to 87% and 87% to 90% compared to its combinational and pipelined static CMOS counterparts, respectively. It also exhibits a considerable reduction in switching noise, compared to its static CMOS counterparts. I. INTRODUCTION Demands for low power and low noise digital circuits have motivated VLSI designers to explore new approaches to the design of VLSI circuits. Energyrecovering (adiabatic) logic is a new promising approach, which has been origi...

In view of changing the type of energy conversion in CMOS circuits, this paper investigates low power CMOS circuit design which adopts gradually changing power clock. First, we discuss the algebraic expressions and the corresponding properties of clocked power signals, then a clocked CMOS gate structure is presented. The PSPICE simulations demonstrate the low power characteristic of clocked CMOS circuits using trapezoidal power-clock. Finally, this paper also explores the design of sequential circuit, which adopts flip-flop with clocked power. I.