Information technology (IT) acceptance research has yielded many competing models, each with different sets of acceptance determinants. In this paper, we (1) review user acceptance literature and discuss eight prominent models, (2) empirically compare the eight models and their extensions, (3) formulate a unified model that integrates elements across the eight models, and (4) empirically validate the unified model. The eight models reviewed are the theory of reasoned action, the technology acceptance model, the motivational model, the theory of planned behavior, a model combining the technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior, the model of PC utilization, the innovation diffusion theory, and the social cognitive theory. Using data from four organizations over a six-month period with three points of measurement, the eight models explained between 17 percent and 53 percent of the variance in user intentions to use information technology. Next, a unified model, called the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), was formulated, with four core determinants of intention and usage, and up to four moderators of key relationships. UTAUT was then tested using the original data and found to outperform the eight individual models (adjusted R 2 of 69 percent). UTAUT was then confirmed with data from two new organizations with similar

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The turn of the century has seen a rapidly graying population concurrently with increasingly ubiquitous IT. The elderly population being less familiar with IT implies that issues pertaining to their acceptance of information systems (IS) deserve special attention. However, the IS and gerontology literatures seldom explore IS acceptance among the aged. Attempting to address this gap, a research model is developed by integrating relevant antecedents from previous literature and empirically tested in the context of an e-Government service tailored for senior citizens. Our findings reveal that consistent with previous technology acceptance studies, senior citizens ’ use intention is driven by their perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the service. Additionally, their Internet safety perception impacts the acceptance of this online financial service. Furthermore, resource savings and self-actualization determine senior citizens ’ usefulness perception, whereas computer anxiety and computing support are antecedents of perceived ease of use. Of these antecedents, self actualization and computer anxiety appear particularly relevant for the elderly as compared to younger working professionals in most previous literature for whom these antecedents have not been important. The study contributes by providing an integrative model of IS acceptance among the aged, which may facilitate theory development and practice. Keywords: E-Government, information systems acceptance, senior citizens, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use 1 1.

This paper presents results from a study of mobile ticketing service acceptance in public transportation. The theoretical background of the study was drawn from technology acceptance and diffusion of innovation theories, which were augmented with issues related to mobile service features, as well as the mobile use situation. The resulting research model was tested with data gathered through a self-administered mail survey with 360 subjects. Our findings suggest that usefulness and benefits of the mobile ticketing service are perceived differently in different use situations and that use situation has a significant effect on use intention. The results indicate that traditional adoption models should be augmented with the use situation and mobility constructs to better understand and explain the specific factors, which determine the use of mobile services. 1.

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Despite the potential of micro-payment systems very few systems have been successful. Little is known about the reasons behind the successful few and the failures of the majority. Micro-payment markets exhibit two-sided network effects and the underlying dynamics of these markets are not very well understood. Based on a stylized model of a two-sided market, we find that a ‘survival mass ’ of merchants and consumers is required for a micropayment system to exist and a ‘critical mass ’ for the acceptance levels to take off and remain stable. We also find the non-intuitive result that lowering the consumer-side adoption cost will actually reduce the chances for the micropayment market to develop. Thus, subsidization alone cannot create a micro-payment market. Anecdotal evidence supports this finding. When subsidization is needed, the consumer side will normally be subsidized. The two-sided market structure makes comparative analysis complex and non-trivial, rendering the implementation of micropayment systems very difficult as indicated by the mixed results of a number of initiatives worldwide.

Despite the spread of e-commerce, few studies have investigated gender-based differences in the adoption of consumer-oriented electronic commerce. Theory and evidence from other domains indicates that such differences may exist. Using innovation diffusion theory as a framework, we empirically investigate whether the impact of beliefs regarding the characteristics of e-commerce and the trustworthiness of Web merchants on intentions to use e-commerce differ according to gender. Results indicate that such differences do exist. Perceived compatibility and visibility have greater impacts for women. In contrast, males ' use intentions are more driven by perceived relative advantage and result demonstrability. No differences were found for perceived ease of use and Web merchant trustworthiness.

E-Government, as a vehicle to deliver enhanced services to citizens, is now extending its reach to the elderly population through provision of targeted services. In doing so, the ideals of ubiquitous e-Government may be better achieved. However, there is a lack of studies on e-Government adoption among senior citizens, especially considering that this age group is growing in size and may be averse to new IT applications. This study aims to address this gap by investigating an innovative e-Government service specifically tailored for senior citizens, called CPF e-Withdrawal. Technology adoption model (TAM) is employed as the theoretical foundation, in which perceived usefulness is recognized as the most significant predictor of adoption intention. This study attempts to identify the antecedents of perceived usefulness by drawing from the innovation diffusion literature as well as age-related studies. Our findings agree with TAM and indicate that internet safety perception and perceived ease of use are significant predictors of perceived usefulness.

The purpose of the study is to present a conceptual model of user adoption of mobile portals. This model identifies factors which may potentially influence an individual's decision whether to start or continue utilizing wireless portals. The major distinction of the proposed model from those of prior MIS technology adoption projects is that it includes not only widely employed MIS constructs but also the perceived value construct of a mobile portal. This construct is adapted from the marketing literature. It reflects the perceived level of a wireless service quality relative to the airtime cost. The rationale for the introduction of perceived value in terms of an individual's direct financial expenses lies in the unique nature of mobile communication devices usage. The proposed model also identifies two individual-specific antecedents and five portal-specific antecedents of those key constructs because they may potentially explicate the variance of users' perceptions of portal experiences. In addition, the paper presents a survey of real-life users of mobile portals, designs a questionnaire, and selects appropriate data analysis techniques.