We study straight-line drawings of planar graphs with few segments and few slopes. Optimal results are obtained for all trees. Tight bounds are obtained for outerplanar graphs, 2-trees, and planar 3-trees. We prove that every 3-connected plane graph on n vertices has a plane drawing with at most 5 2n segments and at most 2n slopes. We prove that every cubic 3-connected plane graph has a plane drawing with three slopes (and three bends on the outerface). In a companion paper, drawings of non-planar graphs with few slopes are also considered.

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this paper first we review known two methods to find such drawings, then explain a hidden relation between them, and finally survey related results.

A graph drawing algorithm produces a layout of a graph in two- or three-dimensional space that should be readable and easy to understand. Since the aesthetic criteria differ from one application area to another, it is unlikely that a definition of the "optimal drawing" of a graph in a strict mathematical sense exists. A large number of graph drawing algorithms taking different aesthetic criteria into account have already been proposed. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of the AGD--Library, a library of Algorithms for Graph Drawing. The library offers a broad range of existing algorithms for two-dimensional graph drawing and tools for implementing new algorithms. The library is written in C++ using the LEDA platform for combinatorial and geometric computing ([16, 17]). The algorithms are implemented independently of the underlying visualization or graphics system by using a generic layout interface. Most graph drawing algorithms place a set of restriction...

We describe a unified framework of aesthetic criteria and complexity measures for drawing planar graphs with polylines and curves. This framework includes several visual properties of such drawings, including aspect ratio, vertex resolution, edge length, edge separation, and edge curvature, as well as complexity measures such as vertex and edge representational complexity and the area of the drawing. In addition to this general framework, we present algorithms that operate within this framework. Specifically, we describe an algorithm for drawing any n-vertex planar graph in an O(n) O(n) grid using polylines that have at most two bends per edge and asymptotically-optimal worstcase angular resolution. More significantly, we show how to adapt this algorithm to draw any n-vertex planar graph using cubic Bézier curves, with all vertices and control points placed within an O(n) O(n) integer grid so that the curved edges achieve a curvilinear analogue of good angular resolution. Al...

Traditional representations of graphs and their duals suggest the requirement that the dual vertices should be placed inside their corresponding primal faces, and the edges of the dual graph should cross only their corresponding primal edges. We consider the problem of simultaneously embedding a planar graph and its dual on a small integer grid such that the edges are drawn as straight-line segments and the only crossings are between primal-dual pairs of edges. We provide an O(n) time algorithm that simultaneously embeds a 3-connected planar graph anditsdualona(2n-2) 2) integer grid, where n is the total number of vertices in the graph and its dual.

Abstract. A three-dimensional (straight-line grid) drawing of a graph represents the vertices by points in Z 3 and the edges by non-crossing line segments. This research is motivated by the following open problem due to Felsner, Liotta, and Wismath [Graph Drawing ’01, Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci., 2002]: does every n-vertex planar graph have a threedimensional drawing with O(n) volume? We prove that this question is almost equivalent to an existing one-dimensional graph layout problem. A queue layout consists of a linear order σ of the vertices of a graph, and a partition of the edges into queues, such that no two edges in the same queue are nested with respect to σ. The minimum number of queues in a queue layout of a graph is its queue-number. Let G be an n-vertex member of a proper minor-closed family of graphs (such as a planar graph). We prove that G has a O(1) × O(1) × O(n) drawing if and only if G has O(1) queue-number. Thus the above question is almost equivalent to an open problem of Heath, Leighton, and Rosenberg [SIAM J. Discrete Math., 1992], who ask whether every planar graph has O(1) queue-number? We also present partial solutions to an open problem of Ganley and Heath [Discrete Appl. Math., 2001], who ask whether graphs of bounded tree-width have bounded queue-number? We prove that graphs with bounded path-width, or both bounded tree-width and bounded maximum degree, have bounded queue-number. As a corollary we obtain three-dimensional drawings with optimal O(n) volume, for series-parallel graphs, and graphs with both bounded tree-width and bounded maximum degree. 1

Abstract. In this paper we present a novel approach for cluster-based drawing of large planar graphs that maintains planarity. Our technique works for arbitrary planar graphs and produces a clustering which satisfies the conditions for compound-planarity (c-planarity). Using the clustering, we obtain a representation of the graph as a collection of O(log n) layers, where each succeeding layer represents the graph in an increasing level of detail. At the same time, the difference between two graphs on neighboring layers of the hierarchy is small, thus preserving the viewer's mental map. The overall running time of the algorithm is O(n log n), where n is the number of vertices of graph G.

A k-path query on a graph consists of computing k vertex-disjoint paths between two given vertices of the graph, whenever they exist. In this paper, we study the problem of performing k-path queries, with k < 3, in a graph G with n vertices. We denote with the total length of the paths reported. For k < 3, we present an optimal data structure for G that uses O(n) space and executes k-path queries in output-sensitive O() time. For triconnected planar graphs, our results make use of a new combinatorial structure that plays the same role as bipolar (st) orientations for biconnected planar graphs. This combinatorial structure also yields an alternative construction of convex grid drawings of triconnected planar graphs.

A geometric path is a graph drawn in the plane such that its vertices are points in general position and its edges... This paper surveys some Turán-type and Ramsey-type extremal problems for geometric graphs, and discusses their generalizations and applications.