The paper presents a review of 200 references in content-based image retrieval. The paper starts with discussing the working conditions of content-based retrieval: patterns of use, types of pictures, the role of semantics, and the sensory gap. Subsequent sections discuss computational steps for image retrieval systems. Step one of the review is image processing for retrieval sorted by color, texture, and local geometry. Features for retrieval are discussed next, sorted by: accumulative and global features, salient points, object and shape features, signs, and structural combinations thereof. Similarity of pictures and objects in pictures is reviewed for each of the feature types, in close connection to the types and means of feedback the user of the systems is capable of giving by interaction. We briefly discuss aspects of system engineering: databases, system architecture, and evaluation. In the concluding section, we present our view on: the driving force of the field, the heritage from computer vision, the influence on computer vision, the role of similarity and of interaction, the need for databases, the problem of evaluation, and the role of the semantic gap.

This paper describes the development of an approximate physical model that can be used for generating different types of protein crystallization behaviors or responses in varying physico-chemical environments. The modeling process involves three stages, two of which have been completed. The model developed in Stage I was over-simplified and was aimed at providing the right computational flavor of the process of vapor diffusion that is a generally used technique for macromolecular crystallization. After this model was thoroughly tested, we enhanced the simple model to include a more elaborate nucleation theory, that still is an approximation of the actual physical chemistry involved. This stage II model was evaluated and found to have face validity in that it is possible to simulate different types of protein response behaviors - for example, proteins that crystallize easily under a broad range of conditions, proteins that crystallize under a narrow range of conditions...

The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) is a fundamental imaging system design specification and system quality metric often used in remote sensing. MTF is defined as the normalized magnitude of the Fourier Transform of the imaging system’s point spread function. Alternatively, the MTF describes the attenuation of sinusoidal waveforms as a function of spatial frequency. Practically, MTF is a metric quantifying the sharpness of the reconstructed image. On-orbit measurement techniques are discussed to quantify the along scan and cross scan MTF profiles. While many measurement techniques exist, the technique utilized is designed to provide accurate measurements for high resolution imaging systems. Additionally, a confidence interval is assigned to the measurement as a statement of the quality of the measured value. The classical slant-edge measurement technique for discrete sampled systems is employed. Fixed high-contrast targets are used to obtain MTF measurements in the center of the array. As access to such targets is limited, suitable edges for analysis are identified in nominal operational imagery. The measurement results from the specialized targets are used to confirm the large number of measurements from the operational imagery. The data sets used in the analysis are from the OrbView-3 (OV-3) High Resolution Imaging Satellite, launched June 26, 2003. Results are presented for the 1 meter ground sample distance (GSD) panchromatic band of the OV-3 system.

Today’s high-speed systems are characterized by a multitude of design parameters due to their complexity. Therefore, performing a thorough design space exploration is computationally exhaustive. This is primarily the result of the number of variables (electrical parameters) needed to do a comprehensive analysis. In this paper, Genetic Algorithm and Design Space Exploration (GADSE) is described as a solution to address the above problem. GADSE constitutes features like generating spice decks automatically to perform brute-force Monte-Carlo simulation. Multiple sockets and cores in a system can be leveraged to run multiple simulations in parallel using GADSE. GADSE also features statistical approaches like Taguchi and Central Composite Design (CCD) and Genetic Algorithm based optimization methods to dramatically reduce the number of simulations needed to explore the design space. 1.

Data analysis and presentation, together with interpretation of the results and report writing, form the last step in the water quality assessment process (see Figure 2.2). It is this phase that shows how successful the monitoring activities have been in attaining the objectives of the assessment. It is also the step that provides the information needed for

Computational science is a productive intellectual activity. It produces highly useful computer programs that require much creativity and ingenuity to develop. Moreover, computation is a powerful theoretical tool for natural scientists. However, can computational science have a scientific foundation, quite apart from its roles as a juxtaposition of disciplines and as another theoretical tool for scientists? That is, can computational science develop concepts that enable a broad systematic understanding of inference and discovery in science? This paper makes a case for an affirmative answer that relies on the concept of "generic scientific task." We will argue that theoretical understanding is to be attained by identifying and automating such tasks. To develop the idea, we configure samples of previous work in computational science (broadly construed), lay a road map to guide further research, and suggest experimental tools to generate research problems and to re-deploy proven technique...

This document was prepared in conjunction with work accomplished under Contract No. DE-AC09-96SR18500 with the U.S. Department of Energy. DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available for sale to the public, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161, phone: (800) 553-6847, fax: (703) 605-6900, email: orders@ntis.fedworld.gov online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm Available electronically at http://www.doe.gov/bridge Available for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Scientific and Technical Information, P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062, phone: (865 ) 576-8401, fax: (865) 576-5728, email: reports@adonis.osti.gov iii

The notion of interaction plays an important − and sometimes frightening − role in the analysis and interpretation of results from observational and experimental studies. In general, results are much easier to explain and to implement if interaction effects are not present. It is for this reason that they are often assumed to be negligible. This may, however, lead to erroneous conclusions and poor actions.

The European Standard EN 13791 provides methodologies for estimating concrete compressive strength in structures. This standard covers the testing of cores as well as the use of indirect methods, such as the rebound hammer, USPV and pull-out tests. This communication refers to a study carried out in a building where the methodologies presented in EN 13791 has been applied to estimate the in-situ characteristic strength, based on a widened set of pairs of rebound hammer and core compressive strength test results. A statistical interpretation of the two alternatives provided by the standard for the establishment of the relationship between the in-situ strength and the rebound number is presented, and some relevant aspects related to the regression analysis not mentioned by the standard, such as the precision of the rebound number and the confidence level, are discussed. Résumé La norme européenne EN 13791 fournit des méthodes pour estimer la résistance en compression du béton dans les structures. Cette norme couvre les essais de carottes, ainsi que le recours à des méthodes indirectes telles que le scléromètre, USPV et l’essai d’arrachement. Cette communication se réfère à une étude réalisée dans un bâtiment où les méthodologies présentées dans la norme EN 13791 ont été appliquées pour estimer la résistance caractéristique in situ, sur la base d'un large ensemble de résultats de l’essai scléromètrique et de l’essai de compression de carottes. Une interprétation statistique des deux alternatives prévues par la norme pour l'établissement de la relation entre la résistance in situ et l’indice scléromètrique est présentée, Certains aspects pertinents liés à l'analyse de régression non mentionnés par la norme, tels que l'erreur de mesure de l’indice scléromètrique et le niveau de confiance, sont discutés.