Computers are playing an increasingly central role in mathematical practice. What are we to make of the new methods of inquiry? In Section 2, I survey some of the ways that computers are used in mathematics. These raise questions that seem to have a generally epistemological character,

From a philosophical viewpoint, mathematics has often and traditionally been distinguished from the natural sciences by its formal nature and emphasis on deductive reasoning. Experiments — one of the corner stones of most modern natural science — have had no role to play in mathematics. However, during the last three decades, high speed computers and sophisticated software packages such as Maple and Mathematica have entered into the domain of pure mathematics, bringing with them a new experimental flavor. They have opened up a new approach in which computer-based tools are used to experiment with the mathematical objects in a dialogue with more traditional methods of formal rigorous proof. At present, a subdiscipline of experimental mathematics is forming with its own research problems, methodology, conferences, and journals. In this paper, I first outline the role of the computer in the mathematical experiment and briefly describe the impact of high speed computing on mathematical research within the emerging sub-discipline of experimental mathematics. I then consider in more detail the epistemological claims put forward within experimental mathematics and comment on some of the discussions that experimental mathematics has provoked within the mathematical community in recent years. In the second part of the paper, I suggest the notion of exploratory experimentation as a possible framework for understanding experimental mathematics. This is illustrated by discussing the so-called PSLQ algorithm.