The work of the mathematician Kurt Gödel changed the face of mathematics forever. His famous incompleteness theorem proved that any formalized system of mathematics would always contain statements that were undecidable, showing that there are certain inherent limitations to the way many mathematicians studies mathematics. This paper provides a history of the mathematical developments that laid the foundation for Gödel's work, describes the unique method used by Gödel to prove his famous incompleteness theorem, and discusses the farreaching mathematical implications thereof. 2 I.