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A k-coloring of an oriented graph G = (V, A) is an assignment c of one of the colors 1; 2; : : : ; k to each vertex of the graph such that, for every arc (x; y) of G, c(x) 6= c(y). The k-coloring is good if for every arc (x; y) of G there is no arc (z; t) 2 A such that c(x) = c(t) and c(y) = c(z). A k-coloring is said to be semi-strong if for every vertex x of G, c(z) 6= c(t) for any pair fz; tg of vertices of N \Gamma (x). We show that every oriented planar graph has a good coloring using at most 5 \Theta 2 4 colors and that every oriented planar graph G = (V; A) with d \Gamma (x) 3 for every x 2 V has a good and semi-strong coloring using at most 4 \Theta 5 \Theta 2 4 colors.

. The oriented chromatic number o ( ~ G) of an oriented graph ~ G = (V; A) is the minimum number of vertices in an oriented graph ~ H for which there exists a homomorphism of ~ G to ~ H . The oriented chromatic number o (G) of an undirected graph G is the maximum of the oriented chromatic numbers of all the orientations of G. This paper discusses the relations between the oriented chromatic number and the acyclic chromatic number and some other parameters of a graph. We shall give a lower bound for o (G) in terms of a (G). An upper bound for o (G) in terms of a (G) was given by Raspaud and Sopena. We also give an upper bound for o (G) in terms of the maximum degree of G. We shall show that this upper bound is not far from being optimal. Keywords. Oriented chromatic number, Acyclic chromatic number. 1

The oriented chromatic number o(H) of an oriented graph H is defined as the minimum order of an oriented graph H 0 such that H has a homomorphism to H 0 . The oriented chromatic number o(G) of an undirected graph G is then defined as the maximum oriented chromatic number of its orientations. In this paper we study the links between o(G) and mad(G) defined as the maximum average degree of the subgraphs of G. 1 Introduction and statement of results For every graph G we denote by V (G), with vG = jV (G)j, its set of vertices and by E(G), with e G = jE(G)j, its set of arcs or edges. A homomorphism from a graph G to a graph On leave of absence from the Institute of Mathematics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. With support from Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK, grant GR/K00561, and from the International Science Foundation, grant NQ4000. y This work was partially supported by the Network DIMANET of the European Union and by the grant 96-01-01614 of the Russian F...

Consider a drawing of a graph G in the plane such that crossing edges are coloured differently. The minimum number of colours, taken over all drawings of G, is the classical graph parameter thickness. By restricting the edges to be straight, we obtain the geometric thickness. By additionally restricting the vertices to be in convex position, we obtain the book thickness. This paper studies the relationship between these parameters and treewidth. Our first main result states that for graphs of treewidth k, the maximum thickness and the maximum geometric thickness both equal ⌈k/2⌉. This says that the lower bound for thickness can be matched by an upper bound, even in the more restrictive geometric setting. Our second main result states that for graphs of treewidth k, the maximum book thickness equals k if k ≤ 2 and equals k + 1 if k ≥ 3. This refutes a conjecture of Ganley and Heath [Discrete Appl. Math. 109(3):215–221, 2001]. Analogous results are proved for outerthickness, arboricity, and star-arboricity.

Let H be a graph on h vertices, and let G be a graph on n vertices. An H-factor of G is a spanning subgraph of G consisting of n=h vertex disjoint copies of H. The fractional arboricity of H is a(H) = maxf jE 0 j jV 0 j\Gamma1 g, where the maximum is taken over all subgraphs (V 0 ; E 0 ) of H with jV 0 j ? 1. Let ffi (H) denote the minimum degree of a vertex of H. It is shown that if ffi (H) ! a(H) then n \Gamma1=a(H) is a sharp threshold function for the property that the random graph G(n; p) contains an H-factor. I.e., there are two positive constants c and C so that for p(n) = cn \Gamma1=a(H) , almost surely G(n; p(n)) does not have an H-factor, whereas for p(n) = Cn \Gamma1=a(H) , almost surely G(n; p(n)) contains an H-factor (provided h divides n). A special case of this answers a problem of Erdos. Research supported in part by a United States Israeli BSF grant 1 1 Introduction All graphs considered here are finite, undirected and simple. If G is a graph o...

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We provide the first nontrivial approximation algorithm for MAXIMUM WEIGHT PLANAR SUBGRAPH, the NP-Hard problem of finding a heaviest planar subgraph in an edge-weighted graph G. This problem has applications in circuit layout, facility layout, and graph drawing. No previous algorithm for MAXIMUM WEIGHT PLANAR SUBGRAPH had performance ratio exceeding 1=3, which is obtained by any algorithm that produces a maximum weight spanning tree in G. Based on the Berman-Ramaiyer Steiner tree algorithm, the new algorithm has performance ratio at least 1/3 + 1/72. We also show that if G is complete and its edge weights satisfy the triangle inequality, then the performance ratio is at least 3/8. Furthermore, we derive the first nontrivial performance ratio (7/12 instead of 1/2) for the NP-Hard MAXIMUM WEIGHT OUTERPLANAR SUBGRAPH problem.

Abstract. Configurations of points in the plane constrained by only directions or by lengths alone lead to equivalent theories known as parallel drawings and infinitesimal rigidity of plane frameworks. We combine these two theories by introducing a new matroid on the edge set of the complete graph with doubled edges to describe the combinatorial properties of direction–length designs. 1.