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26
Effects of visual and verbal interaction on unintentional interpersonal coordination
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
, 2005
"... Previous research has demonstrated that people’s movements can become unintentionally coordinated during interpersonal interaction. The current study sought to uncover the degree to which visual and verbal (conversation) interaction constrains and organizes the rhythmic limb movements of coactors. T ..."
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Cited by 48 (12 self)
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Previous research has demonstrated that people’s movements can become unintentionally coordinated during interpersonal interaction. The current study sought to uncover the degree to which visual and verbal (conversation) interaction constrains and organizes the rhythmic limb movements of coactors. Two experiments were conducted in which pairs of participants completed an interpersonal puzzle task while swinging handheld pendulums with instructions that minimized intentional coordination but facilitated either visual or verbal interaction. Cross-spectral analysis revealed a higher degree of coordination for conditions in which the pairs were visually coupled. In contrast, verbal interaction alone was not found to provide a sufficient medium for unintentional coordination to occur, nor did it enhance the unintentional coordination that emerged during visual interaction. The results raise questions concerning differences between visual and verbal informational linkages during interaction and how these differences may affect interpersonal movement production and its coordination. Interpersonal interaction often results in the movements of two interactants being coordinated. The dyadically defined goals that intentionally constrain interpersonal interaction are typically responsible for the emergence of this coordination. For instance,
Social connection through joint action and interpersonal coordination. Paper presented at the 2nd Joint Action Meeting
, 2007
"... The pull to coordinate with other individuals is fundamental, serving as the basis for our social connectedness to others. Discussed is a dynamical and ecological perspective to joint action, an approach that embeds the individual’s mind in a body and the body in a niche, a physical and social envir ..."
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Cited by 41 (8 self)
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The pull to coordinate with other individuals is fundamental, serving as the basis for our social connectedness to others. Discussed is a dynamical and ecological perspective to joint action, an approach that embeds the individual’s mind in a body and the body in a niche, a physical and social environment. Research on uninstructed coordination of simple incidental rhythmic movement, along with research on goal-directed, embodied cooperation, is reviewed. Finally, recent research is dis-cussed that extends the coordination and cooperation studies, examining how synchronizing with another, and how emergent social units of perceiving and acting are reflected in people’s feelings of connection to others.
Articulatory constraints on interpersonal postural coordination
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance
, 2007
"... Cooperative conversation has been shown to foster interpersonal postural coordination. The authors investigated whether such coordination is mediated by the influence of articulation on postural sway. In Experiment 1, talkers produced words in synchrony or in alternation, as the authors varied speak ..."
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Cited by 16 (3 self)
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Cooperative conversation has been shown to foster interpersonal postural coordination. The authors investigated whether such coordination is mediated by the influence of articulation on postural sway. In Experiment 1, talkers produced words in synchrony or in alternation, as the authors varied speaking rate and word similarity. Greater shared postural activity was found for the faster speaking rate. In Experiment 2, the authors demonstrated that shared postural activity also increases when individuals speak the same words or speak words that have similar stress patterns. However, this increase in shared postural activity is present only when participants ’ data are compared with those of their partner, who was present during the task, but not when compared with the data of a member of a different pair speaking the same word sequences as those of the original partner. The authors ’ findings suggest that interpersonal postural coordination observed during conversation is mediated by convergent speaking patterns.
The phenomenology of joint action: self-agency vs. joint-agency
- In A. Seemann (Ed.), Joint attention: new developments
, 2012
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Order Parameter Dynamics of Body-scaled Hysteresis and Mode Transitions in Grasping Behavior
- J BIOL PHYS
, 2009
"... Several experimental studies have shown that human grasping behavior exhibits a transition from one-handed to two-handed grasping when to-be-grasped objects become larger and larger. The transition point depends on the relative size of objects measured in terms of human body-scales. Most strikingly ..."
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Cited by 6 (3 self)
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Several experimental studies have shown that human grasping behavior exhibits a transition from one-handed to two-handed grasping when to-be-grasped objects become larger and larger. The transition point depends on the relative size of objects measured in terms of human body-scales. Most strikingly, the transitions between the two different behavioral ‘modes ’ of grasping exhibit hysteresis. That is, one-to-two hand transitions and two-to-one hand transitions occur at different relative object sizes when objects are scaled up or down in size. In our study we approach body-scaled hysteresis and mode transitions in grasping by exploiting the notion that human behavior in general results from self-organization and satisfies appropriately-defined order parameter equations. To this end, grasping transitions and grasping hysteresis are discussed from a theoretical perspective in analogy to cognitive processes defined by Haken’s neural network model for pattern recognition. In doing so, issues such as the exclusivity of grasping modes, biomechanical constraints, mode-mode interactions, single subject behavior and population behavior are explored.
Gestures and phases: The dynamics of speech-hand communication
- Ecological Psychology
, 2008
"... We investigated how a listener’s perceived meaning of a spoken sentence is influ-enced by the relative timing between a speaker’s speech and accompanying hand ges-tures. Participants viewed a computer-animated character who uttered the phrase, “Put the book there now. ” while executing a simple righ ..."
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Cited by 3 (0 self)
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We investigated how a listener’s perceived meaning of a spoken sentence is influ-enced by the relative timing between a speaker’s speech and accompanying hand ges-tures. Participants viewed a computer-animated character who uttered the phrase, “Put the book there now. ” while executing a simple right-handed beat gesture whose location relative to the utterance was precisely controlled in a frame-by-frame fash-ion. The participant’s task consisted of making a judgment about two related aspects of the actor’s perceived speech: (a) Which word was emphasized? and (b) How clear was the emphasis? That is, did it make sense? The results revealed that the perceived emphasis was determined by the timing (phasing) of the speaker’s hand gesture. Fur-thermore, the clarity of the perceived emphasis (i.e., meaningfulness) was influenced by the affordances in the immediate environment of the speaker. Discussion ad-dresses the primacy of ostensive specification and gesture in communicative events, the dynamics of speech-hand coordination during both actual and virtual dialogue, and the role of environmental affordances in grounding informative communicative acts in the ecology of organism-environment dynamics. The question of the extent to which hand gestures (and other movements some-times referred to as “body language”) might provide a basis for human communi-cation continues to challenge theories of language and language development. The fact that most of us move our hands in spontaneous gesture even if we cannot be seen, for example when talking to a blind person or to someone by telephone (Iverson & Goldin-Meadow, 1997), suggests that a speaker’s accompanying hand
From Embodied Representation to Co-regulation
"... Abstract A central feature of the research paradigm, namely the nearly exclu-sive focus on subjects as passive observers and how this particular vision informs theorizing in this field is discussed along with some of its implications. In advancing a novel model of social cognition, we place the func ..."
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Abstract A central feature of the research paradigm, namely the nearly exclu-sive focus on subjects as passive observers and how this particular vision informs theorizing in this field is discussed along with some of its implications. In advancing a novel model of social cognition, we place the function of a possible mirror neuron system within a general framework ranging from perception to co-action. The proposed social cognition model relies on a unit of analysis that is minimally dyadic. In concluding we draw out some of the implications of the proposed model for research on mirror neurons.
Territorial gain dynamics regulates success in attacking sub-phases of team sports
"... a b s t r a c t Background and objective: Field invasion games, such as rugby union, can be conceptualised as dynamic social systems in which the agents continuously interact to contest ball possession and territorial gain. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify the collective system dynamics of ..."
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a b s t r a c t Background and objective: Field invasion games, such as rugby union, can be conceptualised as dynamic social systems in which the agents continuously interact to contest ball possession and territorial gain. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify the collective system dynamics of rugby union phases-of-play near the try line by investigating whether ball displacement trajectory on the playing field provides insights on successful team performance. Methods: Five rugby union matches were videotaped involving teams at a national league performance level. From these matches, 22 second phases-of-play were selected and digitized for analysis. The variable "distance gained" was investigated as a potential coordination variable describing functional coordination between players and teams. This variable concerned the distance between ball initial position and ball current position over time and was used to define the degree of territory gained by an attacking team. Results: Analysis of distance gained dynamics in attacking sub-phases demonstrated the intermittent character of rugby union performers displacement trajectories on the playing field. Amplitude of ball movements was revealed as a distinguishing feature related to attacking effectiveness. Successful attacking phases displayed lower distances of positional retreat, with the maximum retreat distance achieved sooner in successful compared to unsuccessful phases-of-play. Autocorrelation and ApEn analyses suggested low system variability within time series data concerning both performance outcomes. However, evidence of less regularity and more complexity was found in unsuccessful phases-of-play. Conclusion: Results suggested that distance gained dynamics manifests a characteristic collective behaviour pattern that captures the macroscopic functional order of multi-player attackedefence systems in team sports like rugby union.
HOVE AND RISEN INTERPERSONAL SYNCHRONY INCREASES AFFILIATION iT'S all iN ThE TimiNg: iNTErpErSONal SyNChrONy iNCrEaSES affiliaTiON
, 2009
"... The tendency to mimic and synchronize with others is well established. Although mimicry has been shown to lead to affiliation between co-actors, the effect of interpersonal synchrony on affiliation remains an open question. The authors investigated the relationship by having participants match fing ..."
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The tendency to mimic and synchronize with others is well established. Although mimicry has been shown to lead to affiliation between co-actors, the effect of interpersonal synchrony on affiliation remains an open question. The authors investigated the relationship by having participants match finger movements with a visual moving metronome. In Experiment 1, affiliation ratings were examined based on the extent to which participants tapped in synchrony with the experimenter. In Experiment 2, synchrony was manipulated. Affiliation ratings were compared for an experimenter who either (a) tapped to a metronome that was synchronous to the participant's metronome, (b) tapped to a metronome that was asynchronous, or (c) did not tap. As hypothesized, in both studies, the degree of synchrony predicted subsequent affiliation ratings. Experiment 3 found that the affiliative effects were unique to interpersonal synchrony. Interpersonal coordination is typically divided between behavioral matching (e.g., mimicry) and interactional synchrony (e.g., movement matched in time;
Robot Navigation for Social Tasks
"... This thesis addresses the problem of robots navigating in populated environments. Because traditional obstacle-avoidance algorithms do not differentiate between people and other objects in the environment, this thesis argues that such methods do not produce socially acceptable results. Rather, robot ..."
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This thesis addresses the problem of robots navigating in populated environments. Because traditional obstacle-avoidance algorithms do not differentiate between people and other objects in the environment, this thesis argues that such methods do not produce socially acceptable results. Rather, robots must detect people in the environment and obey the social conventions that people use when moving around each other, such as tending to the right side of a hallway and respecting the personal space of others. By moving in a human-like manner, a robot will cause its actions to be easily understood and appear predictable to people, which will facilitate its ability to interact with people and thus to complete its tasks. We are interested in general spatial social tasks, such as navigating through a crowded hallway, as well as more cooperative tasks, such as accompanying a person side-by-side. We propose a novel framework for representing such tasks as a series of navigational constraints. In particular, we argue that each of the following must be considered at the navigational level: the task definition, societal conventions, and efficiency optimization. This thesis provides a theoretical basis for each of these categories. We propose to validate this conceptual framework by using it to design a simple navigational algorithm that will allow a robot to move through a populated environment while observing social conventions. We will then extend this algorithm within the framework to allow a robot to escort a person side-by-side. Finally, we will examine
