United States Coast Guard Precis: This article reviews historical and recent efforts in boredom research and related fields. It introduces a systems-based framework, called the Boredom Influence Diagram, that describes various elements of boredom and their interrelationships. Areas for future reseach are highlighted including experimental and task design considerations. Abstract Objective: This article reviews historical and more recent efforts in boredom research and related fields. A framework is presented which organizes the various facets of boredom, particularly in supervisory control settings, and research gaps and future potential areas for study are highlighted. Background: Given the ubiquity of boredom across a wide spectrum of work environments, exacerbated by increasingly automated systems which remove humans from direct, physical system interaction and possibly increasing tedium in the workplace, there is a need to not only better understand the multiple facets of boredom in work environments, but to develop targeted mitigation strategies. Method: To better understand the relationships between the various influences and outcomes of boredom, a systems-based framework, called the Boredom Influence Diagram, is proposed that describes various elements of boredom and their interrelationships. Results: Boredom is closely related to vigilance, attention management, and task performance. This review highlights the need to develop more naturalistic experiments that reflect the characteristics of a boring work environment. Conclusion: With the increase in automation, boredom in the workplace will likely become a more prevalent issue for motivation and retention. In addition, developing continuous measures of boredom based on physiological signals is critical. Application: Personnel selection and improvements in system and task design can potentially mitigate boredom. However, more work is needed to develop and evaluate other potential interventions.

conducted by the Center for Intelligent Systems Research (CISR) of the George

Based on Coroners ' verdicts, fatigue of car or truck drivers was a contributing factor in 9.1 % of fatal accidents involving trucks. Based on the presence of factors such as extended driving hours, falling asleep at the wheel, comments about tiredness, driving right of centre and night-time driving, the authors estimated fatigue contributed to 19.9 % of the accidents. There were approximately equal numbers of fatigued car drivers and truck drivers. An analysis of casualty and fatal truck accidents by time of day (adjusted for exposure) showed that accident risks were highest during the night on all five Victorian highways studied. Driver fatigue is one of the possible factors underlying this pattern of elevated risk. The report section described in-vehicle fatigue counter-measures. The distinction between fatigue monitors and alerting devices was made and it was recommended that eye closure and head nodding monitors and an alerting device be tested in the next stage of this project. Key Words: Fatigue (human), accident rate, fatality,