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13
Stress, cognition, and human performance: A literature review and conceptual framework
- NATIONAL AERONAUTICS & SPACE ADMINISTRATION
, 2004
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Sustained attention under thermal stress
- Psychological Bulletin
, 1986
"... This article reviews the effects of the thermal environment on vigilance. A reinterpretation of early and contemporary studies contradicts the existing notion that vigilance is facilitated in ambient temperatures that exceed a comfortable level. Rather, performance is degraded as thermal homeostasis ..."
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Cited by 13 (2 self)
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This article reviews the effects of the thermal environment on vigilance. A reinterpretation of early and contemporary studies contradicts the existing notion that vigilance is facilitated in ambient temperatures that exceed a comfortable level. Rather, performance is degraded as thermal homeostasis of the observer is disturbed. Significant breakdown in capability becomes manifest with measurable perturbation to deep body temperature. This assertion requires that conditions induce a dynamic change, as performance is unaffected with no variation in deep body temperature and is facilitated when the observer is established in a static hyperthermic state. An attentional account of this phenomenon is offered, which contrasts with previous arousal explanations. A common strategy in experimental psychology is to study a particular phenomenon by examining response under the effects of some perturbation or adverse condition. This tactic has the added benefit of also providing information about the action of some specific stressor or group of stressors on human capabilities. Through this approach, a unitary theoretical account of stress and performance has come to prominence, in that the single
Human occupational and performance limits under stress: The thermal environment as a prototypical example
- Ergonomics
, 1989
"... The authors wish to challenge the contemporary stress limits for workers exposed to adverse thermal conditions. Further, they wish to challenge the basis upon which all such occupational stress exposures are founded. It is their contention that task performance level should be the primary criterion ..."
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Cited by 9 (2 self)
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The authors wish to challenge the contemporary stress limits for workers exposed to adverse thermal conditions. Further, they wish to challenge the basis upon which all such occupational stress exposures are founded. It is their contention that task performance level should be the primary criterion for exposure. Change in behavioural performance eçciency is the most sensitive re¯ection of human response to stress. Such responses are superior as indices of incipient damaging eŒects compared with the traditional measurement of physiological function. Eçcient and error-free performance is the principal criterion of contemporary work, especially in high-technology systems. Therefore, continuing exposure after work performance eçciency begins to fail, but before current physiological limits are reached, is inappropriate for both the safety and the productivity of the individual worker, their colleagues, and the systems within which they operate. Behavioural performance assessment should therefore supercede physiological assessment as the primary exposure criterion, although physiological measures still provide important supplementary information. A new description of such performance thresholds for heat stress is presented, together with its substantive theoretical foundation. Performance limits are of growing importance for prescriptions to all forms of occupational exposure and are critical necessities for future statements concerning comprehensive protective safety standards. 1.
Project Scientist Supervisor
, 1978
"... When U.S. Government drawings, specifications, or other data are used for any purpose other than a definitely related Government procuremernt operation, the Government thereby incurs no responsibility nor any obligation whatsoever; and the fact that the Government may have formulated, furnished, cr ..."
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When U.S. Government drawings, specifications, or other data are used for any purpose other than a definitely related Government procuremernt operation, the Government thereby incurs no responsibility nor any obligation whatsoever; and the fact that the Government may have formulated, furnished, cr in any way supplied ' the said drawings, specifications, or other data is not to be regarded:by impllcation or otherwise, as in any manner licensing the holder or any other-person or corporation, or conveying any rights, or permission to manufacture, use, or sell any patented invention that may in anly way be related thereto. This report has been reviewed by the Information Office (01) and is releasable to the National Technical Information Service (NTS). At NTIS, it wil-1 be available to the general public, including foreign,nations.
Temperature on Judgment and s of Jurisdiction, Retail, and
"... ung des akademischen Grades rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.)- und Sozialwissenschaften ..."
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ung des akademischen Grades rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.)- und Sozialwissenschaften
Effects of Thermal Stress on Dual Task Performance and Attention Allocation
"... A visual-visual dual task was designed to test the effect of the thermal environment on dual task performance and attention allocation. The temperatures selected for testing were 20 and 35°C Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) in experiment 1 and 25, 30 and 35°C Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) in ex ..."
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A visual-visual dual task was designed to test the effect of the thermal environment on dual task performance and attention allocation. The temperatures selected for testing were 20 and 35°C Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) in experiment 1 and 25, 30 and 35°C Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) in experiment 2. In experiment 1, 34 volunteers were randomly assigned to one of the two temperature conditions. A variable representing accu-racy on both tasks was coded such that a correct response was assigned only if the partici-pant answered correctly on both tasks. In experiment 2, 42 volunteers were randomly as-signed to one of three temperature conditions and instructed vary the amount of attention allocated to each task. Individual differences in single task performance were controlled by equating the baselines of single task performance. Once individual differences in single task capacity were controlled, statistically significant differences in performance were demon-strated. Mean accuracy was computed over a one-hour testing period in each temperature condition. Participants ’ mean accuracy in the 35°C condition (38.18%) was substantially
FATIGUE IN TRUCK ACCIDENTS iiiCONTENTS
, 1989
"... Based on Coroners ' verdicts, fatigue of car or truck drivers was a contributing factor in 9.1 % of fatal accidents involving trucks. Based on the presence of factors such as extended driving hours, falling asleep at the wheel, comments about tiredness, driving right of centre and night-time dr ..."
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Based on Coroners ' verdicts, fatigue of car or truck drivers was a contributing factor in 9.1 % of fatal accidents involving trucks. Based on the presence of factors such as extended driving hours, falling asleep at the wheel, comments about tiredness, driving right of centre and night-time driving, the authors estimated fatigue contributed to 19.9 % of the accidents. There were approximately equal numbers of fatigued car drivers and truck drivers. An analysis of casualty and fatal truck accidents by time of day (adjusted for exposure) showed that accident risks were highest during the night on all five Victorian highways studied. Driver fatigue is one of the possible factors underlying this pattern of elevated risk. The report section described in-vehicle fatigue counter-measures. The distinction between fatigue monitors and alerting devices was made and it was recommended that eye closure and head nodding monitors and an alerting device be tested in the next stage of this project. Key Words: Fatigue (human), accident rate, fatality,
unknown title
"... ard Schmalensee, Susan Solomon, and five anonymous ref-erees for helpful comments. † Go to ..."
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ard Schmalensee, Susan Solomon, and five anonymous ref-erees for helpful comments. † Go to
unknown title
"... How the thermal environment affects human response capacity has been the subject of both theoretical speculation and experimental evalua-tion since before psychology or even physiology ..."
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How the thermal environment affects human response capacity has been the subject of both theoretical speculation and experimental evalua-tion since before psychology or even physiology
Forthcoming, Journal of Economic Literature What Do We Learn from the Weather? The New Climate-Economy Literature*
, 2013
"... A rapidly growing body of research applies panel methods to examine how temperature, precipitation, and windstorms influence economic outcomes. These studies focus on changes in weather realizations over time within a given spatial area and demonstrate impacts on agricultural output, industrial outp ..."
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A rapidly growing body of research applies panel methods to examine how temperature, precipitation, and windstorms influence economic outcomes. These studies focus on changes in weather realizations over time within a given spatial area and demonstrate impacts on agricultural output, industrial output, labor productivity, energy demand, health, conflict, and economic growth among other outcomes. By harnessing exogenous variation over time within a given spatial unit, these studies help credibly identify (i) the breadth of channels linking weather and the economy, (ii) heterogeneous treatment effects across different types of locations, and (iii) non-linear effects of weather variables. This paper reviews the new literature with two purposes. First, we summarize recent work, providing a guide to its methodologies, data sets, and findings. Second, we consider applications of the new literature, including insights for the “damage function” within models that seek to assess the potential economic effects of future climate change.
