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33
The tower of babel meets web 2.0: user-generated content and its applications in a multilingual context.
- In Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems,
, 2010
"... ABSTRACT This study explores language's fragmenting effect on usergenerated content by examining the diversity of knowledge representations across 25 different Wikipedia language editions. This diversity is measured at two levels: the concepts that are included in each edition and the ways in ..."
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Cited by 20 (2 self)
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ABSTRACT This study explores language's fragmenting effect on usergenerated content by examining the diversity of knowledge representations across 25 different Wikipedia language editions. This diversity is measured at two levels: the concepts that are included in each edition and the ways in which these concepts are described. We demonstrate that the diversity present is greater than has been presumed in the literature and has a significant influence on applications that use Wikipedia as a source of world knowledge. We close by explicating how knowledge diversity can be beneficially leveraged to create "culturally-aware applications" and "hyperlingual applications".
Co-authorship 2.0: Patterns of collaboration in Wikipedia
- In Proc. of Hypertext
, 2011
"... The study of collaboration patterns in wikis can help shed light on the process of content creation by online communi-ties. To turn a wiki’s revision history into a collaboration network, we propose an algorithm that identifies as authors of a page the users who provided the most of its relevant con ..."
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Cited by 18 (5 self)
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The study of collaboration patterns in wikis can help shed light on the process of content creation by online communi-ties. To turn a wiki’s revision history into a collaboration network, we propose an algorithm that identifies as authors of a page the users who provided the most of its relevant content, measured in terms of quantity and of acceptance by the community. The scalability of this approach allows us to study the English Wikipedia community as a co-authorship network. We find evidence of the presence of a nucleus of very active contributors, who seem to spread over the whole wiki, and to interact preferentially with inexperienced users. The fundamental role played by this elite is witnessed by the growing centrality of sociometric stars in the network. Iso-lating the community active around a category, it is possible to study its specific dynamics and most influential authors.
Measuring self-focus bias in community-maintained knowledge repositories
- In Proc. C&T
, 2009
"... Self-focus is a novel way of understanding a type of bias in community-maintained Web 2.0 graph structures. It goes beyond previous measures of topical coverage bias by encapsulating both node- and edge-hosted biases in a single holistic measure of an entire community-maintained graph. We outline tw ..."
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Cited by 17 (7 self)
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Self-focus is a novel way of understanding a type of bias in community-maintained Web 2.0 graph structures. It goes beyond previous measures of topical coverage bias by encapsulating both node- and edge-hosted biases in a single holistic measure of an entire community-maintained graph. We outline two methods to quantify self-focus, one of which is very computationally inexpensive, and present empirical evidence for the existence of self-focus using a “hyperlingual ” approach that examines 15 different language editions of Wikipedia. We suggest applications of our methods and discuss the risks of ignoring self-focus bias in technological applications. Categories and Subject Descriptors
Eliciting and Focusing Geographic Volunteer Work
- In 13th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing
"... Open content communities such as wikis derive their value from the work done by users. However, a key challenge is to elicit work that is sufficient and focused where needed. We address this challenge in a geographic open content commu-nity, the Cyclopath bicycle route finding system. We devised two ..."
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Cited by 12 (6 self)
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Open content communities such as wikis derive their value from the work done by users. However, a key challenge is to elicit work that is sufficient and focused where needed. We address this challenge in a geographic open content commu-nity, the Cyclopath bicycle route finding system. We devised two techniques to elicit and focus user work, one using fa-miliarity to direct work opportunities and another visually highlighting them. We conducted a field experiment, find-ing that (a) the techniques succeeded in eliciting user work, (b) the distribution of work across users was highly unequal, and (c) user work benefitted the community (reducing the length of the average computed route by 1 kilometer). Author Keywords Wiki, geowiki, open content, geographic volunteer work, volunteered geographic information ACM Classification Keywords H.5.3 [Group and Organization Interfaces]: Collaborative computing, computer-supported cooperative work, web-based interaction.
Asymmetry in media spaces
- In Proc. CSCW '08, ACM
, 2008
"... In any collaborative system, there are both symmetries and asymmetries present in the design of the technology and in the ways that technology is appropriated. Yet media space research tends to focus more on supporting and fostering the symmetries than the asymmetries. Throughout more than 20 years ..."
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Cited by 9 (3 self)
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In any collaborative system, there are both symmetries and asymmetries present in the design of the technology and in the ways that technology is appropriated. Yet media space research tends to focus more on supporting and fostering the symmetries than the asymmetries. Throughout more than 20 years of media space research, the pursuit of increased symmetry, whether achieved through technical or social means, has been a recurrent theme. The research literature on the use of contemporary awareness systems, in contrast, displays little if any of this emphasis on symmetrical use; indeed, this body of research occasionally highlights the perceived value of asymmetry. In this paper, we unpack the different forms of asymmetry present in both media spaces and contemporary awareness systems. We argue that just as asymmetry has been demonstrated to have value in contemporary awareness systems, so might asymmetry have value in media spaces and in other CSCW systems, more generally. To illustrate, we present a media space that emphasizes and embodies multiple forms of asymmetry and does so in response to the needs of a particular work context.
2013. "Motivation for Open Collaboration Crowd and Community Models and the Case of OpenStreetMap
- American Behavioral Scientist
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Defining, understanding, and supporting open collaboration: Lessons from the literature. American Behavioral Scientist
, 2013
"... The past twenty years have seen broad popularization of a relatively novel kind of human enterprise: open collaboration. Open collaboration projects are distributed, collaborative efforts made possible because of changes in information and communication technology that facilitate cooperative activit ..."
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Cited by 7 (2 self)
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The past twenty years have seen broad popularization of a relatively novel kind of human enterprise: open collaboration. Open collaboration projects are distributed, collaborative efforts made possible because of changes in information and communication technology that facilitate cooperative activities. The groundswell of open collaboration could be felt in the open source movement of the 90s but became unmistakable with the growth of projects like Wikipedia and, in particular, the maturation of research to help explain how and why such systems work, who participates, and when they might fail. By now thousands of scholars have written about open collaboration systems, many hundreds of thousands of people have participated in them, and millions of people use products of open collaboration every day. This special issue of American Behavioral Scientist assembles interdisciplinary scholarship that examines different aspects of open collaboration and the diverse systems that support it. The goal of this short introductory piece is to define open collaboration and contextualize a set of articles that span multiple disciplines and methods in a common vocabulary and history. We provide a definition of open collaboration and situate the phenomenon within an interrelated set of scholarly and ideological movements. We then examine the properties of open collaboration systems that have given rise to research and review major areas of scholarship, including the works in this issue, and close with a
Defense mechanism or socialization tactic? Improving Wikipedia's notifications to rejected contributors
- Proc. ICWSM
, 2012
"... Unlike traditional firms, open collaborative systems rely on volunteers to operate, and many communities struggle to maintain enough contributors to ensure the quality and quantity of content. However, Wikipedia has historically faced the exact opposite problem: too much participation, particularly ..."
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Cited by 6 (2 self)
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Unlike traditional firms, open collaborative systems rely on volunteers to operate, and many communities struggle to maintain enough contributors to ensure the quality and quantity of content. However, Wikipedia has historically faced the exact opposite problem: too much participation, particularly from users who, knowingly or not, do not share the same norms as veteran Wikipedians. During its period of exponential growth, the Wikipedian community developed specialized socio technical defense mechanisms to protect itself from the negatives of massive participation: spam, vandalism, falsehoods, and other damage. Yet recently, Wikipedia has faced a number of high profile issues with recruiting and retaining new contributors. In this paper, we first illustrate and describe the various de fense mechanisms at work in Wikipedia, which we hypothe size are inhibiting newcomer retention. Next, we present re sults from an experiment aimed at increasing both the quan tity and quality of editors by altering various elements of these defense mechanisms, specifically pre scripted warn ings and notifications that are sent to new editors upon re verting or rejecting contributions. Using regression models of new user activity, we show which tactics work best for different populations of users based on their motivations when joining Wikipedia. In particular, we found that per sonalized messages in which Wikipedians identified them selves in active voice and took direct responsibility for re jecting an editor’s contributions were much more successful across a variety of outcome metrics than the current mes sages, which typically use an institutional and passive voice.
Multilinguals and Wikipedia editing
- In Proc. WebSci 2014, ACM
, 2014
"... This article analyzes one month of edits to Wikipedia in or-der to examine the role of users editing multiple language editions (referred to as multilingual users). Such multilin-gual users may serve an important function in diffusing in-formation across different language editions of the encyclo-pe ..."
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Cited by 3 (2 self)
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This article analyzes one month of edits to Wikipedia in or-der to examine the role of users editing multiple language editions (referred to as multilingual users). Such multilin-gual users may serve an important function in diffusing in-formation across different language editions of the encyclo-pedia, and prior work has suggested this could reduce the level of self-focus bias in each edition. This study finds mul-tilingual users are much more active than their single-edition (monolingual) counterparts. They are found in all language editions, but smaller-sized editions with fewer users have a higher percentage of multilingual users than larger-sized editions. About a quarter of multilingual users always edit the same articles in multiple languages, while just over 40% of multilingual users edit different articles in different lan-guages. When non-English users do edit a second language edition, that edition is most frequently English. Nonethe-less, several regional and linguistic cross-editing patterns are also present.
