Abstract. We show that there is a low T-upper bound for the class of Ktrivial sets, namely those which are weak from the point of view of algorithmic randomness. This result is a special case of a more general characterization of ideals in ∆0 2 T-degrees for which there is a low T-upper bound. 1.

Abstract. The goal of this paper is to announce there is a single orbit of the c.e. sets with inclusion, E, such that the question of membership in this orbit is Σ1 1-complete. This result and proof have a number of nice corollaries: the Scott rank of E is ωCK 1 + 1; not all orbits are elementarily definable; there is no arithmetic description of all orbits of E; for all finite α ≥ 9, there is a properly ∆0 α orbit (from the proof). 1.

Abstract not found

We propose a formal definition of Wolfram’s notion of computational process based on iterated transducers together with a weak observer, a model of computation that captures some aspects of physics-like computation. These processes admit a natural classification into decidable, intermediate and complete, where intermediate processes correspond to recursively enumerable sets of intermediate degree in the classical setting. It is shown that a standard finite injury priority argument will not suffice to establish the existence of an intermediate computational process.

We present a summary of the lectures delivered to the Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Singapore, during the 2005 Summer School in Mathematical Logic. The lectures covered topics on the global structure of the Turing degrees D, the countability of its automorphism group, and the definability of the Turing jump within D.

We analyze the quantitative structure of 0 2 . Among other things, we prove that a set is Turing complete if and only if its lower cone is nonnegligible, and that the sets of r.e.-degree form a small subset of 0 2 . Mathematical Subject Classification: 03D15, 03D30, 28E15 Keywords: Computable measure theory, Turing degrees, completeness. 1 Introduction We study an eective measure theory suited for the study of 0 2 , the second level of the arithmetical hierarchy (alternatively, the sets computable relative to the halting problem K). This work may be seen as part of the constructivist tradition in mathematics as documented in [6]. The framework for eectivizing measure theory that we employ uses martingales. Martingales were rst applied to the study of random sequences by J. Ville [22]. Recursive martingales were studied in Schnorr [19], and became popular in complexity theory in more recent years through the work of Lutz [14, 15]. Lutz Research supported by a Ma...

We affirm a conjecture of Sacks [1972] by showing that every countable distributive lattice is isomorphic to an initial segment of the hyperdegrees, Dh. In fact, we prove that every sublattice of any hyperarithmetic lattice (and so, in particular, every countable, locally finite lattice) is isomorphic to an initial segment of Dh. Corollaries include the decidability of the two quantifier theory of Dh and the undecidability of its three quantifier theory. The key tool in the proof is a new lattice representation theorem that provides a notion of forcing for which we can prove a version of the fusion lemma in the hyperarithmetic setting and so the preservation of! CK 1. Somewhat surprisingly, the set theoretic analog of this forcing does not preserve!1. On the other hand, we construct countable lattices that are not isomorphic to any initial segment of Dh.

It is shown that for any 2-computably enumerable Turing degree l, any computably enumerable degree a, and any Turing degree s, if l ′ = 0 ′, l < a, s ≥ 0 ′ , and s is c.e. in a, then there is a 2-computably enumerable degree x with the following properties: (1) l < x < a, and (2) x ′ = s. 1

We introduce a formal definition of Wolfram’s notion of computational process based on cellular automata, a physics-like model of computation. There is a natural classification of these processes into decidable, intermediate and complete. It is shown that in the context of standard finite injury priority arguments one cannot establish the existence of an intermediate computational process. 1 Computational Processes Degrees of unsolvability were introduced in two important papers by Post [21] and Kleene and Post [12]. The object of these papers was the study of the complexity of decision problems and in particular their relative complexity: how does a solution to one problem contribute to the solution of another, a notion that can be formalized in terms of Turing reducibility and Turing degrees. Post was particularly interested in the degrees of recursively enumerable (r.e.) degrees. The Turing degrees of r.e. sets together with Turing reducibility form a partial order and in fact an upper semi-lattice R. It is easy to see that R has least element /0, the degree of decidable sets, and a largest element /0 ′ , the degree of the halting set. Post asked whether there are any other r.e. degrees and embarked on a program to establish the existence of such an intermediate degree by constructing a suitable r.e. set. Post’s efforts produced a number of interesting ideas such as simple, hypersimple and hyperhypersimple sets but failed to produce