This thesis presents accounts of a range of linguistic phenomena in an extended categorial framework, and develops proposals for processing grammars set within this framework. Linguistic phenomena whose treatment we address include word order, grammatical relations and obliqueness, extraction and island constraints, and binding. The work is set within a flexible categorial framework which is a version of the Lambek calculus (Lambek, 1958) extended by the inclusion of additional type-forming operators whose logical behaviour allows for the characterization of some aspect of linguistic phenomena. We begin with the treatment of extraction phenomena and island constraints. An account is developed in which there are many interrelated notions of boundary, and where the sensitivity of any syntactic process to a particular class of boundaries can be addressed within the grammar. We next present a new categorial treatment of word order which factors apart the specification of the order of a h...

this paper). Assuming a structure as: (24) [Der Mann] 1 [sucht] 2 [t 1 den Hund t 2 ] where the subscripts on the traces correspond to structure sharing of the synsem values, the same analysis as for the subordinate clause (23) can be maintained: nominative is assigned to the trace and inherited by the preposed noun phrase, the positional restriction is only on the trace, whereas the positional restrictions on the preposed noun phrase result from the standard filler mechanism. 6.2 Argument Reduction

Recent developments in geemon algorithms have enabled wed[ in nniflcafion-based computagenal I's to approach more closely the idea1 of grammass as declaratlve statements of linuic facts, neutral between analysis and syhes Nrom ths perspective, however, the situation i still far from perfect; all known methods of generaoa We briefly conside a number of proposals for form of grammars, and then report on experience arising from e addition of a generator to an existing -nification environment. The algoriuNm m quezon (based on mat of Shieber et al. (1989)), though aong the most penuissive currentIy avail able, excludes certa daises of panruble aalyses.

This thesis proposes new analyses of English missing object constructions (mocs) (e.g. the tough construction, purpose infinitives, etc.) and parasitic gap formation. These analyses are formulated in the framework of Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (hpsg). hpsg divides unbounded dependency constructions (udcs) into two classes depending on whether the filler is in argument or non-argument position. mocs have argument fillers and are classified as weak udcs. The evidence that motivates the weak udc analysis is re-evaluated and it is claimed that, in fact, mocs are not udcs. It is proposed that a lexical rule promotes missing objects from the comps to the subj list in much the same way as passive promotes objects. In contrast to passive, the original subject is not demoted and missing object vps have two elements in subj, both available to be controlled. Raising and Equi signs are modified to permit them to inherit second subj members from their complements: in this way the appare...

Abstract not found

This study examines the system of case marking in two groups of German-speaking children, five children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and five typically-developing (TD) children matched to the SLI children on a general measure of language development. The data from both groups demonstrate high accuracy scores for structural case marking and overapplications of structural cases to instances that require lexical case marking in the adult language. These results, we argue, provide evidence for the sensitivity of both TD and SLI children for abstract, structure-based regularities, and is incompatible with accounts of SLI that posit broad syntactic deficits for these children.

Abstract not found

This paper investigates the notion of phrase in non phrase structure grammars. Following Tesnire and Mel'cuk, we defend the idea that the word order must be separated from the syntactic representation proper and that phrases only intervene when word order is at play. We try to characterize a new notion we call topological phrase (partially inherited from the classical topological model for German) and distinguish it from the classical notion of phrase in X-bar Syntax. Our discussion is illustrated by the puzzling case of German word order for which we propose a simple and powerful grammar giving us all the possible word orders and topological phrase structures of verbal syntax. This discussion of the notion of phrase opens a new perspective for the comparison of the entire architectures of Chomskyan and Mel'cukian linguistic models.

this paper was supported by Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 340 sponsored by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies.

I will provide German data that shows that depicitve secondary predicates may refer to subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, and even more oblique complements. Reference to more oblique arguments is more marked. The markedness corresponds to the obliqueness hierarchy that was proposed by Keenan and Comrie [13] and others. Based on these observations I will suggest analyzing depictive secondary predicates parallel to control constructions rather than raising constructions. Since depictives can refer to arguments that do not surface the analysis makes reference to the underlying syntactic-semantic representation: the argument-structure. 1 The Phenomenon The examples in (1) are sentences with adjectives as secondary predicates. (1) a. Er he it eats das the Fleisch meat roh. raw b. Er he it eats das the Fleisch meat nackt. naked c. Er he schneidet cuts das the Fleisch meat klein. small Thanks to Berthold Crysmann, Christian Dtschmann, Tibor Kiss, Bob Levine for stimulating discussions during conferences, workshops, summer schools, and various other occasions. The research carried out for this paper was in part supported by a research grant from the German Bundesministerium fr Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF) to the DFKI project \@]_^a`cbdfefgihcj ("Multilevel Annotation for Dynamic Free Text Processing"), FKZ 01 IW 002. The paper was completed at the Institute for German Linguistics at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena.